Biomolecules: Structure, Function, and Significance

Question 1

In biological systems, carbohydrates primarily function to:

Accepted Answer

Provide energy through cellular respiration

Answer

Store genetic information

Answer

Form the structural framework of cells

Answer

Catalyze biochemical reactions

Question 2

The backbone of proteins is composed of which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Answer

Glycosidic bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 3

Which characteristic is unique to lipids?

Accepted Answer

Amphipathic nature

Answer

Solubility in water

Answer

High energy storage capacity

Answer

Presence of nitrogen atoms

Question 4

DNA is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Storing the genetic blueprint for protein synthesis

Answer

Transcribing genetic information into proteins

Answer

Translating genetic information into proteins

Answer

Transporting genetic information to the nucleus

Question 5

Which functional group is a defining characteristic of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Answer

Hydroxyl group

Answer

Phosphate group

Answer

Methyl group

Question 6

Which biomolecule class catalyzes biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing feature of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Non-polymerization to form polysaccharides

Answer

Presence of multiple hydroxyl groups

Answer

Existence in both cyclic and open-chain forms

Answer

Ability to act as reducing sugars

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a heteropolysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Heparin

Answer

Starch

Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Glycogen

Question 9

Which amino acid features a polar side chain?

Accepted Answer

Serine

Answer

Alanine

Answer

Glycine

Answer

Leucine

Question 10

In protein structure, which level involves interactions between distant amino acids in the polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Quaternary structure

Answer

Primary structure

Answer

Secondary structure

Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 11

Which of the following is a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

Phosphatidylcholine

Answer

Triglyceride

Answer

Steroid

Answer

Wax

Question 12

Which biomolecule is responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids

Question 13

How do the structure and properties of lipids contribute to their diverse roles in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Lipids, with their diverse structures and properties, are essential components of cell membranes, energy storage, and cell signaling.

Answer

Lipids are primarily found in the nucleus of cells.

Answer

All lipids are water-soluble molecules.

Answer

Lipids do not play a role in cell signaling.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a type of carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Answer

Monosaccharide

Answer

Polysaccharide

Answer

Oligosaccharide

Question 15

Unsaturated fats are characterized by which of the following features in their fatty acid chains?

Accepted Answer

Double bonds between two carbons

Answer

No double bonds

Answer

Triple bonds between two carbons

Answer

Branched chains

Question 16

Which type of lipid is predominantly found in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Answer

Triglyceride

Answer

Steroid

Answer

Wax

Question 17

The primary structural distinction between DNA and RNA is:

Accepted Answer

Presence of thymine in DNA

Answer

Nitrogenous bases

Answer

Sugar-phosphate backbone

Answer

Double-stranded nature

Question 18

The functional group that defines carbohydrates is:

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl

Answer

Amide

Answer

Carboxyl

Answer

Phosphate

Question 19

Which biomolecule is NOT a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Starch

Answer

Cellulose

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of saturated lipids?

Accepted Answer

They are solid at room temperature.

Answer

They have double bonds between carbon atoms.

Answer

They are found in plant-based oils.

Answer

They are essential for cell membrane function.

Question 21

What is the nitrogenous base that is unique to RNA but not DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Guanine

Question 22

What is the monomeric unit of a polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Fatty acid

Answer

Glycerol

Question 23

Which type of carbohydrate is the simplest and most basic?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Answer

Disaccharide

Answer

Polysaccharide

Answer

Oligosaccharide

Question 24

What is the main role of lipids in cellular membranes?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support

Answer

Storing energy

Answer

Transporting molecules

Answer

Catalyzing reactions

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Providing structural support

Answer

Regulating cell function

Question 26

What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleoside consists of a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group, while a nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group.

Answer

A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base and a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, while a nucleoside consists of a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

Answer

They are the same molecule.

Answer

Nucleosides are larger than nucleotides.

Question 27

Which of the following accurately describes the structure of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

Answer

Composed solely of carbon atoms

Answer

Composed of nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

Answer

Composed of sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

Question 28

Which type of lipid is characterized by a glycerol backbone and three fatty acid chains?

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides

Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Steroids

Answer

Sphingolipids

Question 29

Which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA and not found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 30

Which type of enzyme breaks down polymers into smaller subunits?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolases

Answer

Ligases

Answer

Isomerases

Answer

Oxidoreductases

Question 31

Which type of polysaccharide is a major component of plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Starch

Answer

Chitin

Question 32

Which amino acid has a polar side chain capable of forming hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

Serine

Answer

Methionine

Answer

Tryptophan

Answer

Proline

Question 33

Which biomolecule is responsible for carrying genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer

Protein

Answer

Lipid