Master Fault Tolerance Techniques in Distributed Systems: Enhance System Reliability

Question 1

Which fault tolerance technique involves duplicating data or services to ensure continued availability despite failures?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Load balancing

Answer

Caching

Answer

Failover

Question 2

Which fault tolerance technique involves continuous monitoring for failures and initiating corrective actions?

Accepted Answer

Health monitoring

Answer

Failover

Answer

Checkpointing

Answer

Recovery

Question 3

A distributed system that maintains at least 99.9% uptime is considered:

Accepted Answer

Highly available

Answer

Fault-tolerant

Answer

Scalable

Answer

Reliable

Question 4

A distributed system capable of withstanding the failure of any individual component is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Fault-tolerant

Answer

Highly available

Answer

Scalable

Answer

Reliable

Question 5

Which replication technique in distributed systems maintains multiple identical copies of data?

Accepted Answer

Passive replication

Answer

Active replication

Answer

Semi-active replication

Answer

Lazy replication

Question 6

Which characteristic of a Byzantine fault involves unpredictable and arbitrary behavior by the faulty component?

Accepted Answer

The faulty component exhibits unpredictable and arbitrary behavior.

Answer

The faulty component fails silently without any detectable errors.

Answer

The faulty component stops responding and becomes unresponsive.

Answer

The faulty component sends incorrect but consistent messages.

Question 7

Which technique enhances fault tolerance by creating multiple copies of data?

Accepted Answer

Data replication

Answer

Data partitioning

Answer

Data sharding

Answer

Data erasure coding

Question 8

Which technique involves temporarily masking faults by leveraging redundant components?

Accepted Answer

Fault masking

Answer

Fault detection

Answer

Fault recovery

Answer

Fault prevention

Question 9

Which fault tolerance technique involves duplicating critical system components and distributing them across multiple locations, ensuring service availability even if one component fails?

Accepted Answer

Redundancy

Answer

Load balancing

Answer

Checkpointing

Answer

Error correction

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using checksums for fault tolerance?

Accepted Answer

Improving application performance

Answer

Detecting data corruption

Answer

Correcting data errors

Answer

Preventing data loss

Question 11

What is the main purpose of using consensus protocols in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring that all nodes agree on a common state

Answer

Preventing data inconsistencies

Answer

Improving fault tolerance

Answer

Maximizing data availability

Question 12

What is the role of a quorum in a distributed system?

Accepted Answer

Determining the minimum number of nodes required for a successful operation

Answer

Providing a mechanism for data replication

Answer

Facilitating consensus among nodes

Answer

Detecting and isolating faulty nodes

Question 13

What is the main advantage of using Byzantine fault tolerance protocols?

Accepted Answer

Tolerating arbitrary failures, including malicious behavior

Answer

Reducing resource overhead

Answer

Improving data consistency

Answer

Simplifying system design

Question 14

Which fault tolerance technique duplicates critical components or data to provide redundancy?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Caching

Answer

Error correction

Answer

Transaction management

Question 15

What is the primary objective of load balancing in a distributed system?

Accepted Answer

Distribute workload evenly to optimize performance and ensure availability

Answer

Detect and recover from hardware failures

Answer

Replicate data in multiple locations

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a potential advantage of replication for fault tolerance?

Accepted Answer

Increased system performance

Answer

Reduced response time

Answer

Enhanced data availability

Answer

Masking of transient errors

Question 17

Which of the following is a technique for handling transient errors in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Error correction codes

Answer

Replication

Answer

Load balancing

Answer

Failover

Question 18

What is a key difference between active and passive replication?

Accepted Answer

Active replication maintains multiple active replicas, while passive replication uses one active replica and multiple standby replicas.

Answer

Active replication achieves higher availability, while passive replication offers improved performance.

Question 19

Which fault tolerance technique dynamically adjusts workload distribution to optimize resource utilization and performance?

Accepted Answer

Load balancing

Answer

Transaction management

Answer

Error correction

Answer

Failover

Question 20

What is a potential trade-off associated with implementing fault tolerance in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Increased system complexity and reduced performance

Answer

Enhanced security and increased scalability

Answer

Improved data consistency and reduced latency

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a fault tolerance technique commonly used in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Caching

Answer

Replication

Answer

Redundancy

Answer

Load balancing

Question 22

Replication involves creating multiple copies of critical data or services to improve system reliability. Which type of replication maintains consistency by updating all replicas simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Synchronous replication

Answer

Majority replication

Answer

Semi-synchronous replication

Answer

Asynchronous replication

Question 23

In a distributed system, load balancing is employed for the purpose of:

Accepted Answer

Distributing workload across multiple nodes to optimize performance, prevent overloading, and improve system responsiveness.

Answer

Creating backup servers that take over in the event of node failures.

Answer

Detecting and automatically recovering from software or hardware faults.

Question 24

Which of the following consensus algorithms is used to ensure that a distributed system reaches an agreement on a single, consistent value for shared data?

Accepted Answer

Paxos

Answer

Distributed hash table

Answer

Vector clocks

Answer

Gossip protocol

Question 25

In the context of distributed systems, which of the following challenges can be addressed by employing fault tolerance techniques?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring system availability, reliability, and resilience in the face of component failures, network disruptions, or software bugs.

Answer

Reducing communication overhead between nodes.

Question 26

Which of the following is a benefit of implementing fault tolerance techniques in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Increased system resilience, enhanced tolerance to failures, and improved system uptime.

Answer

Increased system complexity and potential for performance bottlenecks.

Answer

Reduced system performance and overall efficiency.

Question 27

In the context of fault tolerance, what is the primary purpose and functionality of a heartbeat mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Continuously monitoring the health and responsiveness of nodes within a distributed system.

Answer

Replicating data across multiple nodes to ensure data integrity.

Answer

Automatically restarting failed nodes without requiring manual intervention.

Question 28

Which of the following metrics is commonly used to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of fault tolerance techniques in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Availability

Answer

Throughput

Answer

Latency

Answer

Scalability

Question 29

Which replication technique ensures that all replicas contain an identical, complete copy of the data?

Accepted Answer

Full replication

Answer

Semi-synchronous replication

Answer

Asynchronous replication

Answer

Primary-backup replication

Question 30

Which fault tolerance technique involves distributing tasks across multiple nodes to minimize the impact of a single node failure?

Accepted Answer

Load balancing

Answer

Failover

Answer

Replication

Answer

Checkpointing

Question 31

In the context of fault tolerance, what technique involves periodically saving the current system state to allow for recovery after a failure?

Accepted Answer

Checkpointing

Answer

Redundancy

Answer

Replication

Answer

Rollback

Question 32

Which redundancy technique involves maintaining additional standby components to take over in the event of a failure?

Accepted Answer

N+1 redundancy

Answer

Checkpointing

Answer

Replication

Answer

Load balancing

Question 33

What is a key benefit of employing fault tolerance techniques in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced system reliability and availability

Answer

Reduced cost of maintenance

Answer

Enhanced scalability

Answer

Simplified system design

Question 34

What is the primary purpose of replication in a distributed system?

Accepted Answer

To ensure data consistency and availability

Answer

To reduce network latency

Answer

To simplify system maintenance

Answer

To improve system performance

Question 35

Which of the following is a key advantage of using redundant components in a distributed system?

Accepted Answer

Increased system reliability

Answer

Improved system performance

Answer

Simplified system management

Answer

Reduced system cost

Question 36

What is the primary purpose of load balancing in a distributed system?

Accepted Answer

To distribute workload evenly across multiple resources

Answer

To prevent system overloads

Answer

To minimize network congestion

Question 37

Which of the following is a challenge associated with implementing fault tolerance in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Increased system complexity

Answer

Reduced system performance

Answer

Simplified system maintenance

Answer

Higher hardware costs

Question 38

What is a key consideration when choosing a fault tolerance technique for a distributed system?

Accepted Answer

The specific requirements of the system

Answer

The availability of resources

Answer

The preferences of the system designers

Answer

The cost of implementation

Question 39

Which of the following is a benefit of using load balancing with redundancy?

Accepted Answer

Improved system scalability and availability

Answer

Reduced system complexity

Answer

Lower maintenance costs

Answer

Simplified data management

Question 40

What is a potential drawback of using fault tolerance techniques in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Increased system overhead

Answer

Reduced system security

Answer

Limited scalability

Answer

Difficulty in debugging

Question 41

Which of the following techniques is NOT commonly used to achieve fault tolerance in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Encryption

Answer

Load balancing

Answer

Redundancy

Answer

Replication

Question 42

In a replicated fault-tolerant system, which component plays a crucial role in maintaining data consistency by coordinating updates among replicas?

Accepted Answer

Consensus algorithm

Answer

Load balancer

Answer

Fault detector

Answer

Caching mechanism

Question 43

A key advantage of employing redundant components in fault-tolerant systems is:

Accepted Answer

Increased availability

Answer

Enhanced performance

Answer

Reduced latency

Answer

Lower cost

Question 44

One of the challenges associated with implementing fault tolerance in distributed systems is:

Accepted Answer

Complexity and performance overhead

Answer

Limited scalability

Answer

High installation costs

Answer

Inability to handle every type of fault

Question 45

Which metric can be used to assess the effectiveness of a fault tolerance technique?

Accepted Answer

Mean time to recovery

Answer

Number of faults handled

Answer

User satisfaction ratings

Answer

Cost of implementation

Question 46

Which fault tolerance technique involves creating duplicate copies of critical components within a system?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Load balancing

Answer

Error correction

Answer

Checkpointing

Question 47

What is the primary objective of using redundancy in a distributed system?

Accepted Answer

To maintain system functionality despite component failures

Answer

To simplify system maintenance processes

Answer

To enhance performance through workload distribution

Question 48

What is the purpose of using a heartbeat mechanism in a distributed system?

Accepted Answer

To detect and manage nodes that fail

Answer

To optimize load balancing

Answer

To synchronize data between nodes

Answer

To reduce network congestion

Question 49

Which fault tolerance technique involves periodically saving system state to a persistent storage medium?

Accepted Answer

Checkpointing

Answer

Replication

Answer

Load balancing

Question 50

What is the key advantage of implementing a distributed commit protocol in a fault-tolerant system?

Accepted Answer

It ensures consensus among all nodes before executing a commit decision.

Answer

It improves system performance by minimizing network latency.

Answer

It simplifies the recovery process from failures.

Question 51

What is the primary benefit of using Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) algorithms?

Accepted Answer

They enable tolerance of malicious or faulty nodes within a distributed system.

Answer

They optimize data access, improving system performance.

Answer

They simplify the design and implementation of fault-tolerant systems.

Question 52

Which of the following is a crucial design principle for fault-tolerant distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Fail-fast and fail-safe

Answer

Minimized cost

Answer

Ease of maintenance

Answer

Maximized performance

Question 53

What is the primary function of error correction codes in fault tolerance?

Accepted Answer

Detecting and recovering from errors in transmitted data

Answer

Preventing data loss due to hardware failures

Answer

Increasing the reliability of network connections

Answer

Reducing the necessity for redundant data storage