Female Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

Question 1

Which hormone directly triggers the release of an egg from the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 2

Which hormonal interaction triggers ovulation, leading to the release of an oocyte?

Accepted Answer

LH surge induces follicle rupture, releasing the oocyte.

Answer

High estrogen directly releases the oocyte.

Answer

Progesterone weakens the follicle, facilitating oocyte release.

Answer

FSH peak initiates final oocyte maturation.

Question 3

During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, which hormone primarily stimulates the growth and thickening of the uterine lining?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 4

What is the primary function of the corpus luteum that develops after ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Produce estrogen and progesterone

Answer

Release the egg from the ovary

Answer

Prepare the uterus for implantation

Answer

Stimulate the production of FSH and LH

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Occurrence of ovulation

Answer

Dominance of progesterone

Answer

Increased endometrial blood flow

Answer

Preparation of the uterus for potential implantation

Question 6

What is the main function of the fimbriae in the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Capture the released egg during ovulation

Answer

Transport the egg to the fallopian tube

Answer

Secrete hormones essential for reproduction

Answer

Protect the reproductive organs from infection

Question 7

Which structure in the male reproductive system is primarily responsible for the storage, maturation, and transport of sperm?

Accepted Answer

Epididymis

Answer

Testes

Answer

Vas deferens

Answer

Prostate gland

Question 8

What is the name of the hormone that directly stimulates the pituitary gland to release LH and FSH?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the placenta?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of enzymes that break down the uterine lining

Answer

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between mother and fetus

Answer

Exchange of nutrients and waste products between mother and fetus

Answer

Production of hormones that support pregnancy

Question 10

What is the process by which the fertilized egg attaches and embeds itself into the lining of the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Implantation

Answer

Fertilization

Answer

Zygote formation

Answer

Morula formation

Question 11

Which of the following terms describes a baby born with a weight below the 10th percentile for their gestational age?

Accepted Answer

Small for gestational age (SGA)

Answer

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

Answer

Preterm birth

Answer

Macrosomia

Question 12

Which hormone triggers ovulation, the release of an egg from the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 13

Which organ in the female reproductive system is responsible for producing the majority of estrogen?

Accepted Answer

Ovaries

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Fallopian tubes

Answer

Vagina

Question 14

What is the primary function of the corpus luteum?

Accepted Answer

Secrete estrogen and progesterone

Answer

Release follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Facilitate the implantation of a fertilized egg

Answer

Protect the uterus from infection

Question 15

Describe the key stages of human pregnancy, highlighting the hormonal and physiological adaptations that support embryonic and fetal development at each stage.

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: Implantation, embryonic development, fetal development, parturition

Answer

Fertilization, implantation, embryonic growth, fetal development

Answer

Ovulation, implantation, fetal development, labor

Question 16

Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics in females?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

LH

Question 17

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does ovulation usually occur?

Accepted Answer

Ovulatory

Answer

Follicular

Answer

Luteal

Answer

Menstrual

Question 18

Which organ of the female reproductive system is responsible for producing eggs?

Accepted Answer

Ovary

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Fallopian tube

Answer

Cervix

Question 19

What is the primary role of the corpus luteum?

Accepted Answer

Production of progesterone

Answer

Production of estrogen

Answer

Release of eggs

Answer

Transport of fertilized eggs

Question 20

What is the role of oxytocin during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating uterine contractions

Answer

Enlarging the cervix

Answer

Rupture of the amniotic sac

Answer

Releasing the placenta

Question 21

What is the surgical procedure known as the removal of the uterus called?

Accepted Answer

Hysterectomy

Answer

Oophorectomy

Answer

Salpingectomy

Answer

Colpectomy

Question 22

Which method of contraception primarily prevents ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Oral contraceptive pills

Answer

Intrauterine devices (IUDs)

Answer

Condoms

Answer

Withdrawal method

Question 23

What is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia

Answer

Gonorrhea

Answer

Syphilis

Answer

HIV

Question 24

During menopause, which of the following occurs due to decreased estrogen levels?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease

Answer

Weight gain and mood swings

Answer

Unchanged follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels

Question 25

Which hormone plays a pivotal role in the development and upkeep of female secondary sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 26

What physiological process involves the thickening of the uterine lining in anticipation of potential egg implantation?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation

Answer

Menstruation

Answer

Ovulation

Answer

Luteal phase

Question 27

Identify the structure within the female reproductive system that generates and releases eggs.

Accepted Answer

Ovary

Answer

Fallopian tube

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Cervix

Question 28

Which hormone is responsible for initiating ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 29

During which phase of the menstrual cycle do progesterone levels increase, preparing the uterus for possible pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Luteal phase

Answer

Follicular phase

Answer

Ovulatory phase

Answer

Menstrual phase

Question 30

Where in the female reproductive system does fertilization typically occur?

Accepted Answer

Fallopian tube

Answer

Ovary

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Cervix

Question 31

Which hormone plays a crucial role in maintaining pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 32

Identify the muscular layer of the uterus that contracts during childbirth.

Accepted Answer

Myometrium

Answer

Endometrium

Answer

Perimetrium

Answer

Fallopian tube

Question 33

Which structure offers a pathway for sperm to reach the egg?

Accepted Answer

Fallopian tube

Answer

Cervix

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Ovary

Question 34

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the fertilized egg implant into the uterine lining?

Accepted Answer

Luteal phase

Answer

Proliferative phase

Answer

Ovulatory phase

Answer

Menstrual phase

Question 35

Which hormone directly initiates ovulation by causing the mature ovarian follicle to rupture and release the egg?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 36

Which hormone triggers ovulation and prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Question 37

Which hormone or hormone-releasing factor in the hypothalamus directly triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH-RH)

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 38

Which hormone triggers the release of a mature egg from the ovary (ovulation)?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 39

Which structure in the ovary ruptures to release the mature egg during ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Graafian follicle

Answer

Secondary oocyte

Answer

Corpus luteum

Answer

Primary oocyte

Question 40

Which phase of the menstrual cycle is primarily characterized by the growth and thickening of the uterine lining?

Accepted Answer

Proliferative phase

Answer

Menstrual phase

Answer

Secretory phase

Answer

Ischemic phase

Question 41

Which structure produces progesterone, a hormone essential for preparing the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg?

Accepted Answer

Corpus luteum

Answer

Uterine lining

Answer

Graafian follicle

Answer

Primary oocyte

Question 42

Which hormone plays a crucial role in preparing the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg by promoting the development of a thick, vascularized lining?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 43

Which muscular structure transports the egg from the ovary to the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Fallopian tube

Answer

Vas deferens

Answer

Ureter

Question 44

Which layer of the uterus undergoes shedding during menstruation, resulting in the release of blood and tissue?

Accepted Answer

Functionalis

Answer

Basalis

Answer

Serosa

Answer

Myometrium

Question 45

Which glands in the female reproductive system are responsible for secreting cervical mucus, which plays a vital role in sperm transport and fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Cervical glands

Answer

Vaginal glands

Answer

Endometrial glands

Answer

Fallopian tube glands

Question 46

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics in females, such as breast development and regulation of the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Testosterone

Question 47

What is the collective term for the external female genitalia?

Accepted Answer

Vulva

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Fallopian tubes

Answer

Vagina

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells

Answer

Transportation of sex cells

Answer

Nurturing a developing fetus

Answer

Production of female sex cells (ova)

Question 49

The ovaries are responsible for producing which pair of hormones?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen and progesterone

Answer

Estrogen and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Testosterone and progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 50

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the uterine lining thicken in preparation for a potential pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Proliferative phase

Answer

Menstrual phase

Answer

Ovulatory phase

Answer

Luteal phase

Question 51

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the external female genitalia?

Accepted Answer

Cervix

Answer

Labia majora

Answer

Clitoris

Answer

Labia minora

Question 52

Fertilization typically occurs in which part of the female reproductive tract?

Accepted Answer

Fallopian tube

Answer

Ovary

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Vagina

Question 53

Which hormone triggers ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 54

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the uterine lining during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Estrogen