Pediatric Genitourinary Surgery: Online Quizzes and Practice Questions

Question 1

In pediatric patients, what is the primary reason for circumcision?

Accepted Answer

Phimosis

Answer

Balanitis

Answer

Meatal stenosis

Question 2

Which of the following is the most common reason for circumcision in children?

Accepted Answer

Phimosis

Answer

Balanitis

Answer

Urethral stricture

Answer

Cryptorchidism

Question 3

In newborns, the most common reason for circumcision is:

Accepted Answer

Religious beliefs

Answer

Improved hygiene

Answer

Prevention of urinary tract infections

Answer

Treatment of a condition called phimosis

Question 4

During pyeloplasty surgery, the primary objective is to:

Accepted Answer

Widen a narrowed junction between the ureter and pelvis of the kidney

Answer

Remove a kidney stone

Answer

Repair a damaged bladder

Answer

Correct vesicoureteral reflux

Question 5

Bleeding is not a potential complication of nephrectomy.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 6

Spina bifida is not a potential cause of urinary incontinence in children.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 7

Infection is a potential complication associated with circumcision.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 8

Preoperative imaging plays no role in the evaluation of pediatric genitourinary conditions.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an indication for circumcision in neonates?

Accepted Answer

Dysuria

Answer

Phimosis

Answer

Paraphimosis

Answer

Balanitis xerotica obliterans

Question 10

In the evaluation of ambiguous genitalia, which hormonal assay is most useful in differentiating between congenital adrenal hyperplasia and androgen insensitivity syndrome?

Accepted Answer

17-hydroxyprogesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estradiol

Answer

Progesterone

Question 11

Which of the following is a surgical option for the treatment of cryptorchidism?

Accepted Answer

Orchiopexy

Answer

Vasectomy

Answer

Prostatectomy

Answer

Testicular biopsy

Question 12

The most common cause of hydronephrosis in children is:

Accepted Answer

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Answer

Vesicoureteral reflux

Answer

Posterior urethral valves

Answer

Renal dysplasia

Question 13

The gold standard imaging study for evaluating renal anatomy and function in children is:

Accepted Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Voiding cystourethrogram

Answer

Computed tomography

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging

Question 14

Among infants and children, what is the most common cause of a dilated renal pelvis and calyces?

Accepted Answer

Blocked connection between the kidney and ureter

Answer

Narrowed urethra in males

Answer

Backflow of urine from the bladder to the kidneys

Answer

Neurogenic bladder (nerve damage affecting bladder function)

Question 15

Which of the following is a contraindication for circumcision in children?

Accepted Answer

Hypospadias

Answer

Phimosis

Answer

Recurrent urinary tract infections

Answer

Balanitis

Question 16

What is the standard surgical approach for pyeloplasty in children?

Accepted Answer

Open surgery

Answer

Laparoscopic surgery

Answer

Robotic surgery

Answer

Endoscopic surgery

Question 17

Which of the following is the most common complication following nephrectomy in children?

Accepted Answer

All of the above are equally common

Answer

Bleeding

Answer

Infection

Answer

Damage to adjacent organs

Question 18

What is the main objective of surgical intervention for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)?

Accepted Answer

To prevent recurrent urinary tract infections

Answer

To improve kidney function

Answer

To reduce pain and discomfort

Answer

To enhance bladder control

Question 19

What is the first-line treatment for Wilms' tumor?

Accepted Answer

A combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Radiation therapy

Question 20

Which of the following is a common reason for performing VUR surgery in children?

Accepted Answer

Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)

Accepted Answer

Renal scarring

Answer

Normal voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

Answer

Bladder outlet obstruction

Question 21

For diagnosing vesicoureteral reflux in children, which imaging modality is considered the gold standard?

Accepted Answer

Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) - an X-ray exam involving bladder filling and voiding

Answer

Renal ultrasound - using sound waves to create images of the kidneys

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) - a detailed imaging technique using X-rays and computers

Answer

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) - an X-ray exam involving the injection of a dye into a vein

Question 22

Which of the following is the most common reason for circumcision in infants?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of urinary tract infections

Answer

Treatment of phimosis

Answer

Prevention of sexually transmitted infections

Answer

Cosmetic reasons

Question 23

In children, what is the most frequently used surgical technique for pyeloplasty?

Accepted Answer

Open pyeloplasty

Answer

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty

Answer

Robotic pyeloplasty

Answer

Endoscopic pyeloplasty

Question 24

Which condition is an absolute reason to avoid nephrectomy in children?

Accepted Answer

Unilateral renal agenesis

Answer

Severe hydronephrosis

Answer

Renal failure

Answer

Active urinary tract infection

Question 25

What is the first step in the management of testicular torsion in children?

Accepted Answer

Manual detorsion

Answer

Surgical exploration

Answer

Observation

Answer

Anti-inflammatory medications

Question 26

The most prevalent reason for circumcision in newborns is:

Accepted Answer

Religious reasons

Answer

Unable to retract foreskin (Phimosis)

Answer

Inflammation of the glans (Balanitis)

Answer

Birth defect of the urethra (Hypospadias)

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of ureteral duplication, a condition where there are two ureters draining a single kidney?

Accepted Answer

Ureter that ends blindly without connecting to the bladder (Ureteral atresia)

Answer

Duplication of the entire ureter (Complete duplication)

Answer

Duplication of only a portion of the ureter (Incomplete duplication)

Answer

Ureter draining to an abnormal location (Ectopic ureter)

Question 28

The recommended first-line treatment for an imperforate hymen, a condition where the hymen completely blocks the vaginal opening, is:

Accepted Answer

Surgical incision to create an opening in the hymen

Answer

Hormone therapy to induce menstrual flow

Answer

Antibiotics to prevent infection

Answer

Monitoring the condition without immediate intervention

Question 29

Testicular torsion, a condition where the testicle twists on its supporting cord, is primarily managed with which surgical procedure?

Accepted Answer

Untwisting of the testicle (Detorsion)

Answer

Removal of the affected testicle (Orchidectomy)

Answer

Surgical fixation of the testicle to prevent further twisting (Orchiopexy)

Answer

Surgical repair of a hernia (Herniotomy)

Question 30

To accurately diagnose a duplex collecting system, a condition where there are two ureters draining a single kidney, the preferred imaging technique is:

Accepted Answer

Detailed imaging using X-rays and a contrast agent (Computed tomography urography)

Answer

X-ray imaging of the urinary tract during urination (Voiding cystourethrography)

Answer

Injection of dye into the ureters and X-ray imaging (Retrograde pyelography)

Answer

Ultrasound imaging of the kidneys and urinary tract (Renal ultrasound)

Question 31

Which surgical approach is usually preferred for pyeloplasty in infants and young children?

Accepted Answer

Open pyeloplasty

Answer

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty

Answer

Robotic pyeloplasty

Answer

Percutaneous pyeloplasty

Question 32

What is the most common cause of nephrectomy in children?

Accepted Answer

Multicystic dysplastic kidney

Answer

Unilateral renal agenesis

Answer

Wilms' tumor

Answer

Neuroblastoma

Question 33

Which of the following is a contraindication to laser lithotripsy for pediatric urolithiasis?

Accepted Answer

Infection with urosepsis

Answer

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Answer

Large stone size

Answer

Recent urinary tract infection

Question 34

What is the recommended initial treatment for ureterovesical junction obstruction in infants?

Accepted Answer

Endoscopic incision

Answer

Open surgery

Answer

Percutaneous pyeloplasty

Answer

Nephrectomy

Question 35

What is the typical surgical approach for managing a scrotal appendix torsion?

Accepted Answer

Scrotal exploration and excision

Answer

Laparoscopic excision

Answer

Ultrasound-guided aspiration

Answer

Conservative management

Question 36

Which of the following conditions can lead to acute renal failure if not treated promptly?

Accepted Answer

Posterior urethral valves

Answer

Cryptorchidism

Answer

Hypospadias

Answer

Urethral duplication

Question 37

Which of the following is the most frequent cause of acute scrotum in adolescent males?

Accepted Answer

Testicular torsion

Answer

Hernia

Answer

Epididymitis

Answer

Torsion of the appendix testis

Question 38

Which surgical procedure involves the creation of an artificial urinary conduit?

Accepted Answer

Ileal conduit

Answer

Ureterostomy

Answer

Nephrectomy

Answer

Cystectomy

Question 39

Which surgical procedure is preferred for removing a kidney with a complex collecting system while preserving renal function?

Accepted Answer

Partial nephrectomy

Answer

Simple nephrectomy

Answer

Radical nephrectomy

Answer

Laparoscopic nephrectomy

Question 40

What is the primary surgical treatment for Wilms' tumor?

Accepted Answer

Nephrectomy

Answer

Radiation therapy

Answer

Observation

Answer

Chemotherapy

Question 41

What is the primary surgical goal for undescended testis?

Accepted Answer

Orchiopexy

Answer

Hormonal therapy

Answer

Removal of the undescended testis

Question 42

What is the preferred surgical approach for managing a newborn diagnosed with posterior urethral valves?

Accepted Answer

Endoscopic valve ablation

Answer

Circumcision

Answer

Open pyeloplasty

Answer

Ureteral reimplantation

Question 43

A 6-month-old girl undergoes a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) demonstrating grade IV vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) on the left side. What is the initial management strategy recommended?

Accepted Answer

Prophylactic antibiotics and close observation

Answer

Immediate ureteral reimplantation

Answer

Endoscopic injection of bulking agent

Answer

Nephrectomy

Question 44

During a circumcision, which anatomical layer is essential to preserve to prevent complications like meatal stenosis?

Accepted Answer

Inner preputial epithelium

Answer

Tunica albuginea

Answer

Dartos fascia

Answer

Buck's fascia

Question 45

A 10-year-old boy presents with painless scrotal swelling and is diagnosed with a hydrocele. What is the most appropriate management approach?

Accepted Answer

Observation and reassurance

Answer

Surgical excision

Answer

Aspiration and sclerotherapy

Answer

Antibiotic therapy

Question 46

What is the primary indication for performing a nephrectomy in a child with a duplex collecting system?

Accepted Answer

Non-functioning upper pole moiety with recurrent infections

Answer

Grade II vesicoureteral reflux into the lower pole moiety

Answer

Asymptomatic lower pole ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Question 47

Which surgical approach is preferred for performing a pyeloplasty in a 1-year-old infant with a right-sided ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO)?

Accepted Answer

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty

Answer

Open pyeloplasty

Answer

Percutaneous nephrostomy

Answer

Endoscopic pyeloplasty

Question 48

A 5-year-old girl with recurrent urinary tract infections is found to have a horseshoe kidney. What is the most important long-term consideration for this patient?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of renal injury with abdominal trauma

Answer

Impaired bladder emptying

Answer

Development of vesicoureteral reflux

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT an indication for Circumcision in children?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of Sexually transmitted diseases

Answer

Prevention of urinary tract infections

Answer

Removal of redundant prepuce

Answer

Treatment of Phimosis

Question 50

What is the most common surgical procedure performed for pyeloplasty in children?

Accepted Answer

Dismembered pyeloplasty

Answer

Y-V pyeloplasty

Answer

Open pyeloplasty

Answer

Flap pyeloplasty

Question 51

Which of the following is a potential complication that may arise from nephrectomy in children?

Accepted Answer

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Bleeding

Answer

Wound infection

Question 52

In the case of a child with an undescended testis, what is the preferred initial surgical approach?

Accepted Answer

Laparoscopic orchiopexy

Answer

Open orchiopexy

Answer

Observation

Answer

Hormonal therapy

Question 53

Which of the following is a known risk factor contributing to the development of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)?

Accepted Answer

Ureterovesical junction (UVJ) obstruction

Answer

Urinary tract infection

Answer

Posterior urethral valves

Answer

Neurogenic bladder

Question 54

Among congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), which type is most commonly encountered?

Accepted Answer

Hydronephrosis

Answer

Renal agenesis

Answer

Wilms tumor

Answer

Neurogenic bladder

Question 55

Which diagnostic tool is commonly employed to evaluate the structure and function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Renal scan

Answer

Cystoscopy

Answer

MRI

Answer

Ultrasound

Question 56

For posterior urethral valves (PUV), which treatment approach is considered the gold standard?

Accepted Answer

Endoscopic incision

Answer

Open surgery

Answer

Medical management

Answer

Observation

Question 57

Regarding hypospadias, which statement is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

It is always associated with chordee

Answer

It can be classified into varying degrees of severity

Answer

It is usually diagnosed at birth

Answer

It is more common in males than females

Question 58

In surgical management of cryptorchidism, what is the primary objective?

Accepted Answer

To position the testes within the scrotum

Answer

To prevent infertility

Answer

To reduce the risk of testicular cancer

Answer

To improve testicular function