Physiology of Movement: Master the Mechanics of Human Motion

Question 1

Identify the primary muscle responsible for flexing the hip joint.

Accepted Answer

Iliopsoas

Answer

Gluteus maximus

Answer

Rectus femoris

Answer

Vastus lateralis

Question 2

Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Saddle joint

Question 3

Which factor does NOT contribute to the process of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Hormone levels

Answer

Calcium ion concentration

Answer

Myosin head movement

Answer

Actin filaments

Question 4

Which neural pathway is primarily involved in controlling voluntary movements?

Accepted Answer

Pyramidal tract

Answer

Extrapyramidal tract

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Sensory pathway

Question 5

Explain the distinction between concentric and eccentric muscle contractions.

Accepted Answer

Concentric: Muscle shortens, Eccentric: Muscle lengthens

Answer

Concentric: Muscle lengthens, Eccentric: Muscle shortens

Answer

Concentric: Muscle stays the same length, Eccentric: Muscle lengthens

Answer

Concentric: Muscle lengthens, Eccentric: Muscle stays the same length

Question 6

State the primary function of the vestibular system.

Accepted Answer

Balance and spatial orientation

Answer

Vision

Answer

Hearing

Answer

Smell

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT classified as a type of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic

Answer

Isometric

Answer

Concentric

Answer

Eccentric

Question 8

Which type of joint allows for the most extensive range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Saddle joint

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter primarily facilitates muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 10

Which of the following factors does NOT influence muscle strength?

Accepted Answer

Body mass index

Answer

Muscle fiber composition

Answer

Cross-sectional area

Answer

Age

Question 11

Which type of muscle fiber is most suitable for endurance activities?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIA

Answer

Type IIX

Answer

Type IV

Question 12

What is the primary function of the Golgi tendon organ?

Accepted Answer

To monitor muscle tension and prevent muscle damage

Answer

To initiate muscle contraction

Answer

To regulate blood flow to the muscles

Answer

To detect joint position

Question 13

How does proprioception contribute to maintaining balance and coordinating movements?

Accepted Answer

Provides feedback on muscle length and joint position, aiding spatial awareness and equilibrium.

Answer

Triggers muscle contractions directly through motor neuron activation.

Answer

Detects pain and temperature changes in the body.

Answer

Plays no role in balance or movement coordination.

Question 14

During which type of muscle contraction does the muscle lengthen?

Accepted Answer

Eccentric contraction

Answer

Isotonic contraction

Answer

Concentric contraction

Answer

Isokinetic contraction

Question 15

Which movement of the knee joint describes bending it?

Accepted Answer

Flexion

Answer

Extension

Answer

Abduction

Answer

Rotation

Question 16

What is the primary role of the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Transmit electrical signals from the spinal cord to muscles

Answer

Store calcium ions for muscle contraction

Answer

Produce ATP for energy production

Answer

Regulate blood flow to muscles

Question 17

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for pointing the foot downward?

Accepted Answer

Gastrocnemius and soleus

Answer

Tibialis anterior and peroneus longus

Answer

Quadriceps femoris and hamstrings

Answer

Gluteus maximus and medius

Question 18

What is the function of proprioception in human movement?

Accepted Answer

Provides information about joint position and movement

Answer

Regulates body temperature

Answer

Controls blood glucose levels

Answer

Coordinates eye movements

Question 19

Which type of muscle fiber is best suited for activities requiring endurance?

Accepted Answer

Type I (slow-twitch)

Answer

Type IIa (fast-twitch oxidative)

Answer

Type IIb (fast-twitch glycolytic)

Answer

Type IIx (fast-twitch fatiguable)

Question 20

Which hormone is essential for bone formation?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Cortisol

Question 21

What is the phase of the gait cycle where both feet are on the ground?

Accepted Answer

Double-stance phase

Answer

Stance phase

Answer

Swing phase

Answer

Mid-stance phase

Question 22

Which muscle fiber type is characterized by high resistance to fatigue and primarily utilizes oxidative metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIb

Answer

Type IIx

Question 23

The primary function of the Golgi tendon organ is to detect:

Accepted Answer

Muscle tension

Answer

Muscle length

Answer

Joint position

Answer

Rate of muscle contraction

Question 24

Movement away from the midline of the body in the transverse plane is known as:

Accepted Answer

Abduction

Answer

Flexion

Answer

Extension

Answer

Adduction

Question 25

The primary neurotransmitter responsible for neuromuscular transmission is:

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 26

The cerebellum is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Coordination of movement

Answer

Initiation of movement

Answer

Voluntary movement

Answer

Reflexive movement

Question 27

Which type of synovial joint allows for the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket

Answer

Hinge

Answer

Cartilaginous

Answer

Fibrous

Question 28

Drugs can enhance muscle strength primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Increasing calcium release

Answer

Increasing muscle mass

Answer

Improving nerve conduction

Answer

Stimulating metabolic pathways

Question 29

Which type of joint grants the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Multiaxial (ball-and-socket) joint

Answer

Uniaxial (hinge) joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Biaxial (saddle) joint

Question 30

Which sensory system is NOT involved in maintaining equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Auditory system

Answer

Vestibular system

Answer

Somatosensory system

Answer

Visual system

Question 31

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for extending the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps

Answer

Hamstrings

Answer

Calves

Answer

Gluteal muscles

Question 32

Which neurotransmitter is released at the junction between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 33

Which joint motion involves rotating a body part around a longitudinal axis?

Accepted Answer

Circumduction

Answer

Flexion

Answer

Extension

Answer

Abduction

Question 34

Which type of muscle fiber is best suited for sustained, low-intensity exercise?

Accepted Answer

Type I (slow-twitch)

Answer

Type IIa (intermediate)

Answer

Type IIb (fast-twitch)

Answer

Type IIx (fast-fatigue)

Question 35

Which structure in the brain is responsible for coordinating movement and maintaining posture?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Spinal cord

Question 36

Which mechanism is employed by the body to regulate temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of sweat

Answer

Vasoconstriction in the skin

Answer

Vasodilation in the extremities

Answer

Increased shivering

Question 37

What is the main function of the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Generate muscle force by contracting and relaxing

Answer

Transmit nerve impulses

Answer

Store glycogen

Answer

Maintain cell shape

Question 38

Which type of joint offers the most extensive range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Saddle joint

Answer

Plane joint

Question 39

What is the primary role of the vestibular system in maintaining balance?

Accepted Answer

Detects head position and movement changes

Answer

Regulates body temperature

Answer

Controls eye movements

Answer

Processes auditory signals

Question 40

Which of the following muscles primarily flexes the elbow?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Answer

Triceps brachii

Answer

Brachioradialis

Answer

Pronator teres

Question 41

What is the main purpose of antagonistic muscles in movement?

Accepted Answer

To provide stability and control during movement

Answer

To generate the primary force for movement

Answer

To increase range of motion

Answer

To prevent muscle fatigue

Question 42

What is the primary function of the cerebellum in motor control?

Accepted Answer

Coordination and precision of movement

Answer

Balance and posture maintenance

Answer

Initiation of voluntary movement

Answer

Regulation of muscle tone

Question 43

Which condition is characterized by abnormal muscle weakness and fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Stroke

Question 44

For activities requiring sustained endurance, like long-distance running, which muscle fiber composition is most suitable?

Accepted Answer

Mainly slow-twitch oxidative

Answer

Mainly fast-twitch glycolytic

Answer

Equal mix of fast-twitch and slow-twitch fibers

Answer

Mainly fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic

Question 45

Which of the following muscles is responsible for hip extension?

Accepted Answer

Gluteus maximus

Answer

Calves

Answer

Hamstrings

Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Question 46

Which type of joint allows for a wide range of motion, including flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Condyloid joint

Question 47

What is the primary function of the vestibular system in the body?

Accepted Answer

To maintain balance and equilibrium

Answer

To detect changes in light intensity

Answer

To process auditory information

Answer

To control body temperature

Question 48

Which type of muscle contraction does not involve a change in the length of the muscle?

Accepted Answer

Isometric

Answer

Isotonic

Answer

Concentric

Answer

Eccentric

Question 49

What is the primary role of the Golgi tendon organ?

Accepted Answer

To detect excessive tension in the tendons and inhibit muscle contraction

Answer

To sense changes in muscle length

Answer

To initiate muscle contraction

Question 50

What is the main function of synovial fluid?

Accepted Answer

To lubricate and nourish the joint

Answer

To produce hormones that regulate joint movement

Answer

To provide structural support to the joint

Answer

To protect the joint from infection

Question 51

What is the main purpose of a biomechanical analysis?

Accepted Answer

To evaluate movement patterns and identify areas for improvement

Answer

To enhance athletic performance

Answer

To diagnose injuries

Answer

To determine training programs