Neurological System Anatomy: Master the Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Question 1

Which of the following is not a layer of the meninges?

Accepted Answer

Subarachnoid space

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Pia mater

Question 2

Identify the neurons responsible for transmitting motor commands from the central nervous system to muscles.

Accepted Answer

Efferent neurons

Answer

Afferent neurons

Answer

Sensory neurons

Answer

Central neurons

Question 3

Which section of the spinal cord houses the motor nuclei for muscles controlling the upper limbs?

Accepted Answer

Cervical region

Answer

Thoracic region

Answer

Lumbar region

Answer

Sacral region

Question 4

Determine the cranial nerve that innervates the facial expression muscles.

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve

Answer

Trigeminal nerve

Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 5

Identify the brain region responsible for processing visual input.

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 6

Determine the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction.

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Noradrenaline

Question 7

Identify the type of glial cell responsible for myelin sheath formation in the peripheral nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Microglia

Question 8

Select the condition characterized by progressive damage to neuronal myelin sheaths.

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 9

Identify the primary function of the blood-brain barrier.

Accepted Answer

Preventing harmful substances from entering the brain

Answer

Blood flow regulation to the brain

Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid production

Answer

Structural support for the brain

Question 10

Which brain region is directly responsible for initiating and controlling voluntary muscle movement?

Accepted Answer

Motor cortex

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Medulla oblongata

Question 11

Which brain region is primarily responsible for maintaining balance and coordinating movement?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Thalamus

Question 12

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting motor signals to muscles controlling facial expressions?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve

Answer

Trigeminal nerve

Answer

Vagus nerve

Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 13

Which type of glial cell provides support, insulation, and communication for neurons?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Schwann cells

Answer

Microglia

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to trigger muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Answer

Dopamine

Question 15

Which component of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 16

Which structure forms a barrier that limits the entry of potentially harmful substances into the brain?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions between astrocytes

Answer

Capillaries in the brain

Answer

Glial cells surrounding capillaries

Answer

Myelin sheath surrounding axons in the brain

Question 17

Which MRI technique is used to visualize the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and diagnose abnormalities in its circulation?

Accepted Answer

Arterial spin labeling

Answer

T1-weighted

Answer

T2-weighted

Answer

Diffusion tensor imaging

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the meninges?

Accepted Answer

Ependyma

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Pia mater

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a primary division of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Question 20

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Answer

Controls heart rate and blood pressure

Answer

Produces cerebrospinal fluid

Answer

Protects the brain from injury

Question 21

Which of the following spinal cord regions contains motor neurons innervating the muscles of the upper limbs?

Accepted Answer

Cervical

Answer

Thoracic

Answer

Lumbar

Answer

Sacral

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a cranial nerve?

Accepted Answer

Phrenic

Answer

Olfactory

Answer

Trochlear

Answer

Facial

Question 23

What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Fight-or-flight response

Answer

Rest-and-digest response

Answer

Controls digestion and metabolism

Answer

Regulates body temperature

Question 24

Which of the following brain regions is responsible for processing visual stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Question 25

What is the name of the cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavity within the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Central canal

Answer

Subarachnoid space

Answer

Ventricles

Answer

Cistern

Question 26

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 27

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordination and balance

Answer

Language comprehension

Answer

Memory formation

Answer

Emotional processing

Question 28

Which of the following is not a component of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nerves

Answer

Brain

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Meninges

Question 29

Which of the following is the largest and most complex portion of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Thalamus

Question 30

Which type of nerve is responsible for transmitting motor commands from the brain to muscles?

Accepted Answer

Motor nerve

Answer

Sensory nerve

Answer

Mixed nerve

Answer

Autonomic nerve

Question 31

The reflex arc begins with:

Accepted Answer

A stimulus detected by a receptor

Answer

A response generated by an effector

Answer

Integration of sensory information in the spinal cord

Answer

Transmission of a motor signal to an effector

Question 32

Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining balance and coordination

Answer

Regulating emotions

Answer

Processing auditory information

Answer

Controlling respiration

Question 33

Which division of the nervous system regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 34

Which diagnostic tool is used to visualize the brain's structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Radiography

Answer

Ultrasound

Question 35

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

Accepted Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 36

What structure connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 37

Which of the following nerves is responsible for innervating the diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

Phrenic nerve

Answer

Vagus nerve

Answer

Sciatic nerve

Answer

Median nerve

Question 38

What is the primary function of the medulla oblongata?

Accepted Answer

Control of vital functions (e.g., breathing, heart rate)

Answer

Processing of sensory information

Answer

Initiation of voluntary movement

Answer

Storage of memories

Question 39

Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for higher-order cognitive functions such as language and reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 40

Which of the following is not a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 41

What is the name of the condition characterized by progressive loss of cognitive function and memory?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Epilepsy

Question 42

During the 'fight-or-flight' response, which division of the autonomic nervous system becomes active?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Answer

Parasympathetic division

Answer

Enteric division

Answer

Sensory division

Question 43

Which nerve supplies the majority of the flexor muscles in the front of the forearm?

Accepted Answer

Median nerve

Answer

Ulnar nerve

Answer

Radial nerve

Answer

Axillary nerve

Question 44

Which part of the brain, responsible for higher-level cognitive functions like reasoning and decision-making, is the largest?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Question 45

The primary pathway conveying motor signals from the brain to the spinal cord is the:

Accepted Answer

Lateral corticospinal tract

Answer

Anterior corticospinal tract

Answer

Rubrospinal tract

Answer

Posterior corticospinal tract

Question 46

Which cranial nerve transmits taste sensations from the front two-thirds of the tongue?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Answer

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Answer

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 47

Which region of the spinal cord is responsible for innervating the upper limbs?

Accepted Answer

Cervical enlargement

Answer

Lumbar enlargement

Answer

Sacral enlargement

Answer

Thoracic enlargement

Question 48

What neurotransmitter, released at the neuromuscular junction, triggers muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 49

Which glial cells are primarily responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Microglia

Answer

Neurons

Question 50

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the degeneration of which specific brain region?

Accepted Answer

Substantia nigra

Answer

Choroid plexus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 51

The cerebellum plays a primary role in:

Accepted Answer

Coordination of movement and balance

Answer

Processing of sensory information

Answer

Control of sleep-wake cycle

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 52

Which layer of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, is the outermost layer?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Falx cerebri

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Pia mater