Master Endocrine System Anatomy: Online Quizzes and Study Guide

Question 1

Which hormone, produced by the posterior pituitary gland, stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 2

Which of the following organs is NOT part of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Pineal gland

Question 3

The parathyroid glands release a hormone called:

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Calcitonin

Question 4

Which hormone regulates the body's sleep-wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Question 5

Within the thyroid gland, follicles store and release:

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 6

Estrogen, a hormone, does NOT target:

Accepted Answer

Male reproductive organs

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Bones

Answer

Liver

Question 7

Excessive secretion of which hormone characterizes the endocrine disorder, hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Question 8

Which structure is not located in the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Neurohypophysis

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 9

Which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is primarily responsible for stimulating the production and secretion of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Question 10

Which gland is the primary site of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production?

Accepted Answer

Posterior pituitary

Answer

Anterior pituitary

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Question 11

Which of the following describes the negative feedback loop that regulates thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion from the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Low thyroid hormone levels in the blood stimulate TSH secretion.

Answer

High thyroid hormone levels in the blood trigger increased TSH release.

Answer

TSH secretion is primarily controlled by growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH).

Answer

TSH does not have a negative feedback effect on its own secretion.

Question 12

Which of the following hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 13

The thyroid gland is composed of follicles lined by:

Accepted Answer

Cuboidal epithelium

Answer

Squamous epithelium

Answer

Columnar epithelium

Answer

Pseudostratified epithelium

Question 14

Which of the following is the primary hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 15

The parathyroid glands are located:

Accepted Answer

Posterior to the thyroid gland

Answer

Anterior to the thyroid gland

Answer

Within the substance of the thyroid gland

Answer

Inferior to the thyroid gland

Question 16

Which of the following hormones stimulates the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone

Answer

Somatostatin

Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Question 17

The adrenal medulla is composed of:

Accepted Answer

Chromaffin cells

Answer

Beta cells

Answer

Alpha cells

Answer

Delta cells

Question 18

Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 19

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by:

Accepted Answer

The pituitary stalk

Answer

The optic nerve

Answer

The vagus nerve

Answer

The spinal cord

Question 20

The primary function of the adrenal medulla is to:

Accepted Answer

Secrete hormones involved in stress response

Answer

Regulate blood sugar levels

Answer

Control body temperature

Answer

Stimulate the release of growth hormone

Question 21

Which endocrine gland secretes the hormone responsible for stimulating growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-producing cells of the pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Insulin-producing cells of the pancreas

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing cells of the pituitary gland

Question 22

Which gland is responsible for producing and secreting thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a function of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Production of insulin

Answer

Production of glucocorticoids

Answer

Production of mineralcorticoids

Answer

Production of androgens

Question 24

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Somatotropin

Question 25

Which of the following is a parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Question 26

Which gland is responsible for producing anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pineal gland

Question 27

Which hormone is secreted in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Prolactin

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of food

Answer

Regulation of metabolism

Answer

Control of growth and development

Answer

Maintenance of electrolyte balance

Question 29

Which organ is considered the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 30

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in lactating women?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Somatotropin

Question 31

How does the hypothalamus regulate hormone secretion from the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus releases hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete hormones.

Answer

The hypothalamus releases hormones that directly affect target organs.

Answer

The pituitary gland releases hormones that stimulate the hypothalamus to release hormones.

Answer

The pituitary gland releases hormones that inhibit the hypothalamus from releasing hormones.

Question 32

Which gland, nestled in the sella turcica, orchestrates growth and metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 33

How does the pineal gland contribute to the regulation of circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Secretes melatonin

Answer

Releases growth hormone

Answer

Produces antidiuretic hormone

Question 34

Within the pituitary gland, which lobe assumes the vital role of releasing growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Answer

Intermediate

Answer

Posterior

Answer

Neurohypophysis

Question 35

What primary duty does the thyroid gland fulfill?

Accepted Answer

Regulating metabolism

Answer

Producing red blood cells

Answer

Secreting stress hormones

Answer

Storing glucose

Question 36

Name the primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland, known for its role in regulating sleep-wake cycles.

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Vasopressin

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 37

Which of the following differs from the other options by being a non-endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 38

Which hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, acts as a messenger to the thyroid gland, influencing the release of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 39

Identify the hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that plays a key role in the 'fight or flight' response.

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Testosterone

Question 40

Which hormone, produced in the posterior pituitary gland, is responsible for regulating water balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Oxytocin

Question 41

Which gland is solely dedicated to secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH), a hormone essential for calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 42

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 43

Which embryonic structure gives rise to the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Rathke's pouch

Answer

Neural tube

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 44

Which gland is situated within the sella turcica and releases hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 45

Which hormone, produced by the adrenal cortex, enables the body to respond to stressors?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 46

Which gland secretes thyroxine, a hormone vital for regulating metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 47

Which layer of the adrenal gland is responsible for producing hormones that maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal cortex

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal medulla

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 48

Which gland releases insulin and glucagon, hormones involved in blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 49

Which pituitary hormone is responsible for regulating water balance?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 50

Which gland, situated in the neck, produces hormones that regulate calcium metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 51

Which pituitary hormone stimulates the development and function of the gonads (ovaries and testes)?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 52

Which layer of the adrenal gland secretes hormones that prepare the body to respond to stressful situations?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal medulla

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal cortex

Question 53

Which endocrine gland is responsible for producing melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pituitary gland