Nutritional Biochemistry Quizzes: Master the Role of Nutrients in Health and Disease

Question 1

Which nutrient is essential for the production of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of vitamin A?

Accepted Answer

Bone growth

Answer

Vision

Answer

Immune function

Answer

Epithelial cell differentiation

Question 3

Which of the following vitamins is water-soluble?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin E

Answer

Vitamin K

Question 4

Deficiency of which mineral is primarily associated with osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Iron

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Zinc

Question 5

What is the primary function of antioxidants in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To neutralize free radicals

Answer

To improve nutrient absorption

Answer

To regulate hormone production

Answer

To promote cell growth

Question 6

Which food group is a rich source of vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

Fatty fish

Answer

Leafy green vegetables

Answer

Citrus fruits

Answer

Lean meats

Question 7

What is the primary role of biotin in human metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Coenzyme in fatty acid synthesis

Answer

Synthesis of neurotransmitters

Answer

Production of red blood cells

Answer

Metabolism of carbohydrates

Question 8

Identify the predominant storage form of vitamin A in the body:

Accepted Answer

Retinyl esters

Answer

Retinal

Answer

Retinoic acid

Answer

Retinol-binding protein

Question 9

Which mineral is essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Copper

Answer

Zinc

Question 10

Identify the active form of vitamin D that regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis:

Accepted Answer

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D

Answer

Cholecalciferol

Answer

25-hydroxyvitamin D

Answer

Ergocalciferol

Question 11

Identify the mineral deficiency that can impair thyroid hormone synthesis:

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Magnesium

Question 12

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor for efficient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin K

Question 13

Identify a potential consequence of vitamin K deficiency:

Accepted Answer

Increased bleeding tendency

Answer

Impaired bone mineralization

Answer

Neurological disorders

Answer

Skin problems

Question 14

Identify the primary function of biotin in the body:

Accepted Answer

Coenzyme in carboxylation reactions

Answer

Synthesis of neurotransmitters

Answer

Antioxidant protection

Answer

Hormone regulation

Question 15

Which vitamin is necessary for the production of collagen and elastin, the proteins responsible for skin elasticity?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin E

Question 16

The main function of vitamin D is to facilitate:

Accepted Answer

Calcium absorption

Answer

Iron absorption

Answer

Red blood cell development

Answer

Neural development

Question 17

Pellagra is a condition characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Which vitamin deficiency causes pellagra?

Accepted Answer

Niacin

Answer

Thiamine

Answer

Riboflavin

Answer

Vitamin B6

Question 18

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Ascorbic acid

Answer

Retinol

Answer

Cholecalciferol

Answer

Tocopherol

Question 19

Night blindness, also known as nyctalopia, is a symptom of:

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A deficiency

Answer

Vitamin C deficiency

Answer

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer

Vitamin K deficiency

Question 20

Which form of vitamin D is the active form?

Accepted Answer

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D

Answer

Ergocalciferol

Answer

Cholecalciferol

Answer

25-Hydroxyvitamin D

Question 21

Iodine is an essential mineral for the production of:

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones

Answer

Adrenal hormones

Answer

Pancreatic hormones

Answer

Sex hormones

Question 22

Evaluate the ethical implications of using nutritional supplements, considering both their potential benefits and risks.

Accepted Answer

Nutritional supplements should be used cautiously under professional guidance.

Answer

Nutritional supplements should be avoided due to ethical concerns.

Answer

Ethical concerns about nutritional supplements are limited to their marketing.

Answer

Healthcare professionals have no ethical responsibility to discuss nutritional supplements with patients.

Question 23

The main physiological role of vitamin D is to:

Accepted Answer

Promote calcium absorption and bone mineralization.

Answer

Support immune function.

Answer

Prevent night blindness.

Answer

Act as an antioxidant.

Question 24

Which mineral is a crucial component of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Magnesium

Answer

Potassium

Question 25

Deficiency of which vitamin leads to the development of scurvy, characterized by impaired wound healing and weakened immune function?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin K

Answer

Vitamin A

Question 26

Which of the following is classified as a macronutrient, providing energy in the diet?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Minerals

Answer

Antioxidants

Answer

Vitamins

Question 27

The primary energy source for the body's cells comes from the breakdown of which macronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Fats

Answer

Proteins

Question 28

Which enzyme catalyzes the initial step of the TCA cycle, a key metabolic pathway for energy production?

Accepted Answer

Citrate synthase

Answer

Hexokinase

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 29

The primary function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration is to:

Accepted Answer

Generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Answer

Oxidize glucose

Answer

Transport electrons across the mitochondrial membrane

Answer

Produce NADH and FADH2

Question 30

Edema, characterized by fluid retention and swelling, is a common symptom associated with malnutrition primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

Protein deficiency

Answer

Iron deficiency

Answer

Calcium deficiency

Answer

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 31

Identify the water-soluble vitamin that functions as a coenzyme in countless metabolic processes.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B6

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin K

Question 32

Which mineral is crucial for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Answer

Magnesium

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Iron

Question 33

Identify the metabolic pathway involved in ketone body production.

Accepted Answer

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 34

Which hormone facilitates glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Somatotropin

Question 35

Classify the amino acid that is considered non-essential.

Accepted Answer

Alanine

Answer

Tryptophan

Answer

Leucine

Answer

Valine

Question 36

Identify the critical function of vitamin A in the human body.

Accepted Answer

Vision

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Immune function

Answer

Blood clotting

Question 37

Which mineral is an essential component of the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Answer

Zinc

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Sodium

Question 38

Identify the metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood.

Accepted Answer

Ketoacidosis

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Hyperglycemia

Question 39

Which hormone prevents the breakdown of glycogen in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Glucagon

Question 40

Identify the amino acid involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters.

Accepted Answer

Tryptophan

Answer

Leucine

Answer

Alanine