Object-Oriented Design (OOD) Learning Quizzes for Software Engineering

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using object-oriented programming (OOP)?

Accepted Answer

Increased code complexity

Answer

Increased code maintainability

Answer

Improved code reusability

Answer

Enhanced code readability

Question 2

In the context of inheritance, which type of relationship represents the most specific form of association?

Accepted Answer

Is-a

Answer

Has-a

Answer

Can-do

Answer

Uses

Question 3

Which advantage of polymorphism is most directly related to code flexibility?

Accepted Answer

Enabling objects to respond differently to the same message

Answer

Eliminating duplicate code

Answer

Making code easier to read and understand

Answer

Promoting the use of object-oriented design principles

Question 4

Which design pattern is specifically intended to reduce coupling between classes?

Accepted Answer

Bridge

Answer

Singleton

Answer

Factory method

Answer

Observer

Question 5

In the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern, which component is responsible for mediating data flow?

Accepted Answer

Controller

Answer

Model

Answer

View

Answer

Presenter

Question 6

Which tool is primarily used for visually representing the structure and behavior of object-oriented systems?

Accepted Answer

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

Answer

Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)

Answer

Flowchart

Answer

Data dictionary

Question 7

Which of the following is a key benefit of using object-oriented programming languages?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced code reusability and maintainability

Answer

Accelerated program execution speed

Answer

Reduced program memory consumption

Answer

Increased program complexity

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using object-oriented design (OOD)?

Accepted Answer

Increased complexity

Answer

Reusability

Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Modularity

Question 9

What is the primary purpose of encapsulation in OOD?

Accepted Answer

To ensure data and implementation details remain hidden from other classes

Answer

To allow unrestricted access to data and methods

Answer

To enforce data integrity

Answer

To enhance performance

Question 10

Which of the following accurately describes inheritance in OOD?

Accepted Answer

Derived classes inherit properties and methods from parent classes and can override inherited methods

Answer

Derived classes can access methods of parent classes, but not vice versa

Answer

Inheritance only allows for single-level hierarchies

Answer

Overriding is not possible in inheritance

Question 11

What is the primary role of a constructor in OOD?

Accepted Answer

To initialize an object's state

Answer

To define the object's methods

Answer

To provide access to private data members

Answer

To destroy an object

Question 12

What is the purpose of an interface in OOD?

Accepted Answer

To define a contract that classes must adhere to

Answer

To implement methods and data members

Answer

To serve as a base class for other classes

Answer

To conceal implementation details of a class

Question 13

What is the key distinction between aggregation and composition?

Accepted Answer

Aggregation represents a has-a relationship, while composition represents an is-a relationship

Answer

Composition represents a has-a relationship, while aggregation represents an is-a relationship

Answer

Aggregation and composition are interchangeable concepts

Answer

Aggregation allows multiple instances of the child object, while composition does not

Question 14

Which core principle of object-oriented design emphasizes the creation of code that can be reused and easily maintained?

Accepted Answer

Code reusability and maintainability

Answer

Procedural programming techniques

Answer

Discouragement of abstraction and inheritance

Answer

Exclusive use of global variables and functions

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental characteristic of object-oriented programming?

Accepted Answer

Sequential execution

Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Polymorphism

Question 16

What is the primary purpose of encapsulation in object-oriented design?

Accepted Answer

To restrict access to an object's data and methods, ensuring data integrity and security

Answer

To enhance code reusability by allowing classes to inherit from each other

Answer

To manage relationships between objects by creating and maintaining references

Answer

To support polymorphism by enabling objects of different classes to respond to the same message

Question 17

In the context of object-oriented programming, what does polymorphism primarily refer to?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an object to behave differently based on its class, enabling flexible and extensible code

Answer

The ability of an object to inherit from multiple classes, allowing for the combination of different functionalities

Answer

The ability of an object to communicate with other objects through method calls and message passing

Answer

The ability of an object to store and manipulate data, including attributes and relationships

Question 18

Which design pattern is commonly used to define families of related algorithms, encapsulate them, and make them interchangeable while promoting loose coupling?

Accepted Answer

Strategy: Defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each one, and makes them interchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it.

Answer

Factory method: Creates objects without specifying the exact class of the object to be created

Answer

Builder: Constructs complex objects step by step, separating the construction process from its representation

Answer

Singleton: Ensures that a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to that instance

Question 19

What is the primary distinction between a class and an interface in object-oriented design?

Accepted Answer

A class defines implementation details and behavior, while an interface defines only method signatures and contracts

Answer

An interface defines implementation details and behavior, while a class defines only method signatures and contracts

Answer

A class can inherit from multiple classes, while an interface can inherit from only one interface

Answer

An interface can instantiate objects, while a class cannot

Question 20

Which SOLID principle emphasizes the importance of separating different responsibilities into distinct classes or modules?

Accepted Answer

Single responsibility: Classes should have a single, well-defined purpose and responsibility

Answer

Open-closed: Classes should be open for extension but closed for modification

Answer

Liskov substitution: Subclasses should be substitutable for their base classes without breaking the program

Answer

Interface segregation: Interfaces should be fine-grained and specific, avoiding臃 bloated interfaces

Question 21

Which of the following is a widely used tool for modeling and designing object-oriented systems?

Accepted Answer

Unified Modeling Language (UML): A graphical language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of a software system

Answer

Entity-Relationship diagram (ERD): A graphical representation of entities and their relationships in a database

Answer

Flowchart: A diagrammatic representation of a process, workflow, or algorithm

Answer

Data flow diagram (DFD): A graphical representation of the flow of data through a system

Question 22

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of Object-Oriented Design (OOD) that enables the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit?

Accepted Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Modularization

Answer

Abstraction

Answer

Inheritance

Question 23

What is the primary purpose of encapsulation in Object-Oriented Design?

Accepted Answer

To conceal the implementation details of an object, making its internal workings inaccessible to other parts of the system.

Answer

To enhance the reusability of objects by making them independent and self-contained.

Answer

To boost the performance of an application by optimizing memory usage and processing efficiency.

Answer

To facilitate effective communication between objects by establishing clear and well-defined interfaces.

Question 24

Which of the following is a type of inheritance in OOD that allows a derived class to inherit properties and behaviors from multiple parent classes?

Accepted Answer

Multiple inheritance

Answer

Single inheritance

Answer

Hierarchical inheritance

Answer

Hybrid inheritance

Question 25

Which of the following design patterns is commonly used to provide a simplified and unified interface to a complex system or group of related objects?

Accepted Answer

Facade

Answer

Factory Method

Answer

Builder

Answer

Strategy

Question 26

In an Agile development process, what is the primary responsibility of a software architect?

Accepted Answer

To establish the overall architectural vision and guide the technical decision-making of the development team.

Answer

To actively participate in coding and testing tasks, ensuring the quality and efficiency of the software implementation.

Answer

To manage the project timeline, budget, and resources, ensuring the timely delivery of the software product.

Answer

To provide customer support and gather feedback, ensuring that the software meets the needs and expectations of the end-users.

Question 27

What is the primary purpose of utilizing version control systems in software development?

Accepted Answer

To track and manage changes to code over time, allowing for collaboration, versioning, and rollback capabilities.

Answer

To protect code from unauthorized access and modifications, ensuring the integrity and security of the software.

Answer

To improve the performance and efficiency of the software by optimizing code storage and retrieval mechanisms.

Answer

To facilitate the documentation and sharing of code among developers, enabling knowledge transfer and code reuse.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental concept of Object-Oriented Design?

Accepted Answer

Procedural decomposition

Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Polymorphism

Question 29

Which fundamental principle of Object-Oriented Design (OOD) involves concealing the implementation details of a class?

Accepted Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Polymorphism

Answer

Abstraction

Question 30

The process in OOD by which a child class inherits the properties and behaviors of its parent class is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Polymorphism

Answer

Composition

Question 31

Which of the following is a key advantage of utilizing polymorphism in OOD?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced code reusability

Answer

Improved software maintainability

Answer

Increased program performance

Answer

Simplified data representation

Question 32

In OOD, encapsulation refers to:

Accepted Answer

Concealing the implementation details of a class

Answer

Creating separate entities with distinct responsibilities

Answer

Specifying interfaces for class interactions

Answer

Combining multiple classes into a larger unit

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of object-oriented programming?

Accepted Answer

Sequential execution

Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Polymorphism

Question 34

In the context of OOD, an __________ represents a real-world entity and encapsulates its data and operations.

Accepted Answer

Object

Answer

Abstract class

Answer

Interface

Answer

Class

Question 35

Which of the following design patterns is used to define a family of algorithms and provide a way to make them interchangeable while keeping them independent of the client code?

Accepted Answer

Strategy

Answer

Singleton

Answer

Factory Method

Answer

Observer

Question 36

Which principle in the SOLID set of software design principles emphasizes building classes that are open for extension but closed for modification?

Accepted Answer

Open-Closed

Answer

Single Responsibility

Answer

Liskov Substitution

Answer

Dependency Inversion

Question 37

In the context of OOD, coupling refers to the?

Accepted Answer

Strength of the relationship between classes

Answer

Number of methods defined in a class

Answer

Size of the codebase

Answer

Complexity of the algorithm

Question 38

Which of the following tools or techniques is commonly used in OOD to visually represent class structures and their relationships?

Accepted Answer

Class diagrams

Answer

Flowcharts

Answer

Pseudocode

Answer

Wireframes

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using inheritance in Object-Oriented Design (OOD)?

Accepted Answer

Improved performance

Answer

Code reusability

Answer

Increased flexibility

Answer

Reduced complexity

Question 40

Which of the following is a key concept of encapsulation in OOD?

Accepted Answer

Data hiding

Answer

Polymorphism

Answer

Abstraction

Answer

Composition

Question 41

What is the intended purpose of using an abstract class in OOD?

Accepted Answer

To define a common interface for subclasses

Answer

To provide a fully implemented class

Answer

To prevent direct instantiation of a class

Answer

To increase code performance

Question 42

Which of the following Java code snippets demonstrates polymorphism?

Accepted Answer

public void printShape(Shape shape) {}

Answer

public void printShape(Circle circle) {}

Answer

public void printShape(Rectangle rectangle) {}

Answer

public void printShape(Object object) {}

Question 43

What is the primary distinction between a class and an interface in OOD?

Accepted Answer

A class defines implementation, while an interface defines only abstract methods

Answer

An interface defines implementation, while a class defines only abstract methods

Answer

A class and an interface are interchangeable concepts

Answer

An interface provides a way to inherit multiple classes

Question 44

What is the primary goal of applying the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) in OOD?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that each class has only one reason to change

Answer

To minimize the number of methods in a class

Answer

To increase code readability

Answer

To improve code performance

Question 45

What is NOT an advantage of using object-oriented design?

Accepted Answer

Increased code complexity

Answer

Enhanced maintainability

Answer

Reduced development time

Answer

Improved code reusability

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of object-oriented programming?

Accepted Answer

Coupling

Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Polymorphism

Question 47

Which access modifier permits access to class members from any other class?

Accepted Answer

public

Answer

private

Answer

default

Answer

protected

Question 48

A key benefit of polymorphism is the ability to:

Accepted Answer

Treat objects of different classes as objects of a common superclass

Answer

Improve code organization

Answer

Reduce coding effort

Question 49

Which design pattern is used to establish a single point of access to an application's data?

Accepted Answer

Singleton

Answer

Factory Method

Answer

Composite

Answer

Observer

Question 50

Which UML diagram illustrates the static structure of a system?

Accepted Answer

Class diagram

Answer

Activity diagram

Answer

Sequence diagram

Answer

Use case diagram

Question 51

What metric measures the degree of coupling between classes?

Accepted Answer

Coupling Between Objects (CBO)

Answer

Maintainability Index

Answer

Cyclomatic Complexity

Answer

Number of Lines of Code (NLOC)

Question 52

Which refactoring technique involves extracting common code into a separate method to enhance readability?

Accepted Answer

Extract Method

Answer

Rename Method

Answer

Encapsulate Field

Answer

Move Method

Question 53

What design principle aims to promote loose coupling and module independence?

Accepted Answer

Low Coupling

Answer

Single Responsibility Principle

Answer

Open-Closed Principle

Answer

High Cohesion