Ethical Decision-Making in Computing: Quizzes and Study Guide

Question 1

In ethical decision-making for computing, which principle prioritizes preventing actions that could harm individuals?

Accepted Answer

Non-Maleficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 2

In the ethical decision-making process, what step typically comes after identifying the ethical issue?

Accepted Answer

Developing and evaluating options

Answer

Making a decision

Answer

Creating a marketing campaign

Answer

Seeking external advice

Question 3

When making ethical decisions in computing, which factor should NOT be considered a guiding principle?

Accepted Answer

Convenience

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 4

In ethical decision-making, why is it important to identify stakeholders?

Accepted Answer

To ensure all affected parties' perspectives are considered.

Answer

To assign responsibilities for implementing the decision.

Answer

To prioritize concerns based on stakeholder influence.

Answer

To prevent conflicts of interest.

Question 5

In the context of ethical decision-making in computing, which step is not considered essential?

Accepted Answer

Relying solely on personal biases

Answer

Identifying the ethical issue

Answer

Consulting stakeholders for perspectives

Answer

Monitoring the decision's impact

Question 6

Which ethical principle emphasizes valuing each person's inherent worth, recognizing their ability to make their own choices, and respecting their right to make decisions for themselves?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-Maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 7

Which ethical principle focuses on avoiding or reducing harm to others?

Accepted Answer

Non-Maleficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 8

In ethical decision-making, which step does NOT require the decision-maker's direct involvement?

Accepted Answer

Delegating the decision

Answer

Identifying the ethical issue

Answer

Consulting with stakeholders

Answer

Assessing the decision's impact

Question 9

When considering stakeholders in the ethical decision-making process, which action should be avoided?

Accepted Answer

Prioritizing the interests of the most influential stakeholders

Answer

Identifying potential stakeholders

Answer

Assessing the interests of each stakeholder

Answer

Balancing the interests of all stakeholders

Question 10

Which of the following is not considered a core ethical principle in computing?

Accepted Answer

Efficiency

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 11

Which of the following is a **fundamental** ethical principle in computing?

Accepted Answer

Beneficence

Accepted Answer

Non-Maleficence

Answer

Maximizing profit

Answer

Efficiency

Question 12

In the realm of computing ethics, what serves as the fundamental basis for ethical reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Universal moral principles

Answer

Personal moral beliefs and values

Answer

Dominant cultural norms and practices

Answer

Religious teachings and doctrines

Question 13

In the ethical decision-making process, which step requires considering the potential long-term impacts of a decision?

Accepted Answer

Evaluating and analyzing alternatives

Answer

Identifying the ethical issue

Answer

Considering different perspectives

Answer

Making a decision

Question 14

Question Stem:

In Immanuel Kant's deontological ethical theory, which principle guides ethical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Option A: Act universally.

Answer

Option B: Maximize happiness.

Answer

Option C: Follow your conscience.

Answer

Option D: Consider intentions.

Question 15

In computer ethics, which principle emphasizes preventing harm to individuals?

Accepted Answer

Non-Maleficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 16

In ethical decision-making, which principle focuses on respecting individuals' freedom to make choices without external pressure?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-Maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 17

In the field of computing ethics, which principle emphasizes the right of individuals to make independent choices regarding their personal data and actions?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-Maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a step in the ethical decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

Determining the most advantageous outcome

Answer

Identifying ethical implications

Answer

Gathering relevant data and perspectives

Answer

Evaluating alternative courses of action

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental ethical principle in computing?

Accepted Answer

Efficiency

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 20

When making ethical decisions, which action is inappropriate?

Accepted Answer

Deciding based on personal preferences

Answer

Defining the ethical issue

Answer

Gathering relevant information

Answer

Evaluating the decision's impact

Question 21

In ethical decision-making, which principle prioritizes respecting individuals' freedom to make choices that align with their values?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-Maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 22

In the ethical decision-making process, which step requires gathering facts and data related to the ethical issue?

Accepted Answer

Gathering relevant information

Answer

Identifying the ethical issue

Answer

Developing and evaluating options

Answer

Making a decision

Question 23

In the ethical decision-making process used in computing, which step is NOT included?

Accepted Answer

Making a hasty decision without considering consequences

Answer

Identifying the ethical issue

Answer

Consulting with stakeholders

Answer

Evaluating the decision's impact and making adjustments

Question 24

Which action violates the ethical principle of non-maleficence, which prohibits causing harm?

Accepted Answer

Withholding medical care from a patient in need

Answer

Contributing to a charity

Answer

Speaking truthfully, potentially causing emotional distress

Answer

Maintaining patient privacy

Question 25

In the ethical decision-making process, which step is considered inappropriate?

Accepted Answer

Making a decision without consideration

Answer

Analyzing the ethical issue

Answer

Evaluating decision options

Answer

Monitoring the decision's outcomes

Question 26

Which step is NOT part of the ethical decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

Making a decision without considering the consequences

Answer

Identifying the ethical issue

Answer

Gathering relevant information

Answer

Monitoring and evaluating the decision

Question 27

Which ethical principle grants individuals the right to make their own decisions?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-Maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 28

When making ethical decisions in computing, which of the following is NOT a crucial step?

Accepted Answer

Solely relying on personal biases or intuition

Answer

Identifying the ethical issue

Answer

Considering different viewpoints and information

Answer

Seeking guidance from ethical codes or professional organizations

Question 29

In ethical decision-making, when is it crucial to consider the potential outcomes of your choice?

Accepted Answer

Before making a decision

Answer

After making a decision

Answer

During the implementation phase

Answer

Never

Question 30

Which ethical principle prioritizes causing the least harm and generating the most good?

Accepted Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Justice

Question 31

Which ethical principle emphasizes fairness and treating individuals without bias?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-Maleficence

Question 32

In software development, the principle of non-maleficence focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Preventing potential harm to users

Answer

Maximizing user benefits

Answer

Meeting legal requirements

Answer

Prioritizing aesthetics over functionality

Question 33

Which step in the Ethical Decision-Making Process involves examining the potential outcomes of various actions?

Accepted Answer

Analyzing Alternative Actions

Answer

Identifying Ethical Issues

Answer

Making a Decision

Question 34

Which moral reasoning approach in ethical decision-making is criticized for being subjective and lacking objectivity?

Accepted Answer

Relying solely on personal feelings and intuitions

Answer

Applying established ethical principles and frameworks

Answer

Considering different perspectives and values

Question 35

What is the primary concept behind Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary actions by companies to benefit society beyond legal requirements.

Answer

Legally enforced ethical standards for companies.

Answer

A business strategy focused on maximizing profits.

Question 36

In ethical decision-making, which principle emphasizes respecting individuals' freedom to make their own choices?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-Maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 37

In the workplace, what is the recommended course of action for individuals who witness unethical or illegal behavior within their organization?

Accepted Answer

Report the behavior to a supervisor or higher management.

Answer

Ignore the behavior to avoid disrupting the work environment.

Answer

Confront the individuals involved directly to resolve the issue personally.

Answer

Remain silent out of fear of retaliation or job loss.

Question 38

In ethical decision-making for computing, which action best reflects the principle of beneficence?

Accepted Answer

Designing AI algorithms to reduce bias and ensure fairness

Answer

Prioritizing AI development solely for profit

Answer

Automating tasks with AI without considering job displacement

Answer

Creating AI systems without proper security, potentially compromising privacy

Question 39

Which ethical principle prioritizes preventing harm in decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Non-Maleficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 40

In the ethical decision-making process, which step is crucial for ensuring that all ethical considerations are identified and addressed?

Accepted Answer

Identifying the ethical issue

Answer

Gathering information

Answer

Developing solutions

Answer

Monitoring the decision

Question 41

In the ethical decision-making process, which step involves comparing the potential benefits and harms of different options?

Accepted Answer

Evaluating options

Answer

Identifying the ethical issue

Answer

Gathering relevant information

Answer

Monitoring and evaluating the decision

Question 42

In cybersecurity, which ethical principle stresses the obligation to safeguard sensitive data and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-Maleficence

Question 43

In the ethical decision-making process we've studied, which of these is NOT a step?

Accepted Answer

Making a hasty decision

Answer

Identifying stakeholders

Answer

Monitoring and evaluating the decision

Question 44

What is the primary distinction between utilitarianism and deontology, two ethical theories used in decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism prioritizes overall happiness, while deontology emphasizes following moral rules.

Answer

Deontology prioritizes maximizing happiness, while utilitarianism aims to minimize harm.

Answer

Utilitarianism considers individual rights, while deontology promotes social welfare.

Answer

Deontology is based on intuition, while utilitarianism relies on logical reasoning.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a foundational principle of ethical decision-making in computing?

Accepted Answer

Efficiency

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 46

When confronted with an ethical dilemma in computing, what should the first step be in the ethical decision-making framework?

Accepted Answer

Identifying the stakeholders involved

Answer

Considering various perspectives

Answer

Seeking advice from an expert

Answer

Reaching a conclusion

Question 47

Which ethical theory emphasizes maximizing overall well-being?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Kantian ethics

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Deontology

Question 48

In the ethical decision-making process, which step involves identifying the people, groups, or organizations that could be affected by the decision, both directly and indirectly?

Accepted Answer

Stakeholder identification and analysis

Answer

Problem identification and analysis

Answer

Development of alternative solutions

Answer

Implementation and evaluation

Question 49

When faced with conflicting ethical principles, which strategy can assist individuals in navigating ethical dilemmas and making informed decisions?

Accepted Answer

Consulting with experts from diverse fields

Answer

Prioritizing principles solely based on personal values

Answer

Relying exclusively on intuition

Question 50

Which ethical principle prioritizes respecting individuals' rights to make their own decisions and control their own lives?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Beneficence

Question 51

In algorithmic decision-making, which factor is crucial for ensuring fairness and minimizing bias?

Accepted Answer

Evaluating the impact of algorithms on different groups

Answer

Using open-source data to train algorithms

Answer

Removing human involvement in decision-making

Answer

Relying solely on certified fair algorithms

Question 52

How do professional organizations and industry standards influence ethical behavior in computing?

Accepted Answer

They provide ethical decision-making frameworks and promote self-regulation.

Answer

They have no influence on ethical conduct.

Answer

They only use punishments to enforce ethical conduct.

Answer

They primarily focus on technical issues, not ethics.

Question 53

Which step is missing from the ethical decision-making framework for computing?

Accepted Answer

Resolve ethical dilemmas

Answer

Identify ethical issues

Answer

Consider different perspectives

Answer

Make an informed decision

Question 54

Which approach to ethical decision-making prioritizes adherence to rules and regulations?

Accepted Answer

Deontological

Answer

Teleological

Answer

Virtue-based

Answer

Care-based

Question 55

Which factor is irrelevant when considering different perspectives in ethical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Personal preferences

Answer

Values and beliefs

Answer

Stakeholder interests

Answer

Organizational culture

Question 56

Which ethical principle stresses the importance of respecting individuals' autonomy?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 57

Which approach to ethical decision-making focuses on maximizing overall well-being?

Accepted Answer

Teleological

Answer

Deontological

Answer

Virtue-based

Answer

Care-based

Question 58

Which ethical principle prohibits causing harm to others through one's actions?

Accepted Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 59

Question:

Which ethical principle focuses on weighing the potential benefits and risks of actions to maximize overall well-being?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Answer

Kantian Ethics

Question 60

In the ethical decision-making framework used in computing, which step involves consulting with others for their insights and perspectives?

Accepted Answer

Seeking advice from others

Answer

Identifying ethical issues

Answer

Making a decision

Question 61

According to the Golden Rule, we should treat others:

Accepted Answer

As we would want to be treated ourselves

Answer

With utmost kindness and generosity

Answer

With respect and consideration

Answer

As they treat us

Question 62

Which ethical theory advocates for actions that maximize overall happiness and minimize suffering?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Social contract theory

Question 63

In ethical decision-making, which stakeholder group's perspective should be considered a priority?

Accepted Answer

Society

Answer

Shareholders

Answer

Employees

Answer

Users

Question 64

According to Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative, which principle emphasizes treating individuals with respect and value?

Accepted Answer

Humanity

Answer

Universalizability

Answer

Reversibility

Answer

Autonomy