Big Data Architectures: A Comprehensive Guide for Students

Question 1

Which characteristic of a Distributed File System (DFS) makes it suitable for storing and managing big data?

Accepted Answer

Data is spread across multiple servers

Answer

Data is stored and managed on a single server

Answer

Data is only accessible through a network connection

Answer

Data is replicated on multiple servers for fault tolerance

Question 2

Identify the component that is NOT part of the Hadoop architecture.

Accepted Answer

Apache Spark

Answer

Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)

Answer

MapReduce

Answer

YARN

Question 3

Which advantage of NoSQL databases is particularly beneficial for big data applications?

Accepted Answer

Schema flexibility

Answer

High performance

Answer

Data consistency

Answer

Low cost

Question 4

Which aspect of cloud-based big data architectures is NOT considered an advantage?

Accepted Answer

Complete control over infrastructure

Answer

Elasticity

Answer

Cost efficiency

Answer

High availability

Question 5

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of a distributed file system (DFS)?

Accepted Answer

Data is stored across multiple nodes, eliminating single points of failure

Answer

Limited scalability due to the need for centralized coordination

Answer

High performance for small files due to its centralized architecture

Answer

Single point of failure due to reliance on a single server for data management

Question 6

Which big data architecture is best suited for handling the near-real time processing of continuous data streams?

Accepted Answer

Spark Streaming, built for real-time stream processing and complex analytics

Answer

Hadoop, designed for batch processing of large datasets

Answer

Hive, optimized for querying large-scale data stored in Hadoop

Answer

MongoDB, a document-oriented database designed for general-purpose data storage

Question 7

In the Hadoop ecosystem, which tool is primarily responsible for data transformation and integration tasks?

Accepted Answer

Pig, a high-level language for data manipulation and transformation

Answer

Flume, designed for data ingestion and streaming

Answer

Hive, optimized for querying large-scale data stored in Hadoop

Answer

Oozie, a workflow scheduler for coordinating Hadoop jobs

Question 8

Which of the following is not classified as a type of NoSQL database?

Accepted Answer

Relational database, based on the structured data model with tables and relationships

Answer

Key-value store, designed for efficient retrieval of data based on keys

Answer

Document store, optimized for storing and querying semi-structured data

Answer

Graph database, designed for representing and querying data with interconnected nodes and edges

Question 9

Which data format is specifically designed for efficient storage and processing of semi-structured data that does not conform to a rigid schema?

Accepted Answer

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), a popular format for representing data as nested key-value pairs

Answer

CSV (Comma-Separated Values), a simple text-based format with limited data structure

Answer

XML (Extensible Markup Language), a structured format with tags and attributes

Answer

Binary Large Object (BLOB), a binary format for storing large unstructured data

Question 10

Which data management approach is designed to store and analyze large-scale data that exceeds the capabilities of traditional relational databases?

Accepted Answer

Data lake, a central repository for storing raw and unstructured data in its native format

Answer

Data warehousing, a centralized repository for structured data, optimized for historical analysis

Answer

Data virtualization, a technique for creating a virtualized layer over heterogeneous data sources

Answer

Data mining, a process of extracting valuable information and patterns from large datasets

Question 11

Define data lineage and explain its significance in big data environments. Discuss the challenges and techniques used to maintain data lineage in complex data pipelines.

Accepted Answer

Data lineage is the process of tracking the journey of data through a data system, from its origin to its destination.

Accepted Answer

Data virtualization techniques can assist in maintaining data lineage in complex data pipelines.

Answer

Data lineage is only crucial in regulated industries like healthcare and finance.

Answer

Maintaining data lineage in complex data pipelines is simple and requires minimal effort.

Question 12

Delineate and explain the key components of a typical big data analytics pipeline, highlighting their contributions to the overall data analysis process.

Accepted Answer

Data Ingestion, Data Processing, Data Visualization

Answer

Data Storage, Data Mining, Data Warehousing

Answer

Data Cleansing, Data Modeling, Data Exploration

Question 13

In big data environments, which technique is most appropriate for handling missing data that is assumed to be randomly distributed across observations?

Accepted Answer

Imputation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Data Transformation

Answer

Data Aggregation

Question 14

In big data analysis, which technique is primarily employed to reduce the dimensionality of a high-dimensional dataset while retaining crucial information?

Accepted Answer

Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

Answer

Clustering

Answer

Sampling

Answer

Bagging and Boosting

Question 15

When using big data to create personalized decision-making systems, which ethical concern is most important?

Accepted Answer

Protecting personal privacy

Answer

Ensuring data accuracy

Answer

Optimizing computational efficiency

Answer

Establishing clear data ownership

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a primary characteristic that distinguishes big data architectures from traditional data architectures?

Accepted Answer

Accuracy

Answer

Volume

Answer

Velocity

Answer

Variety

Question 17

Which characteristic is NOT associated with big data?

Accepted Answer

Small Size

Answer

Volume

Answer

Velocity

Answer

Variety

Question 18

Which big data architecture is suitable for continuously updating data streams?

Accepted Answer

Stream processing

Answer

Batch processing

Answer

Lambda architecture

Answer

Hadoop Distributed File System

Question 19

Which consideration is irrelevant when selecting a big data architecture?

Accepted Answer

Number of website visitors

Answer

Data volume

Answer

Data velocity

Answer

Storage costs

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of big data?

Accepted Answer

Validity

Answer

Volume

Answer

Velocity

Answer

Variety

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of a data lake in big data analytics?

Accepted Answer

To store and manage raw and processed data in a centralized repository

Answer

To provide real-time data processing capabilities

Answer

To support advanced data visualization and exploration

Answer

To ensure data security and privacy

Question 22

What is the role of machine learning in big data analytics?

Accepted Answer

Automating data analysis and enabling predictive modeling

Answer

Improving data quality and accuracy

Answer

Facilitating real-time data processing

Answer

Providing data encryption and security

Question 23

In big data environments, what are the key factors that impact the performance of distributed file systems? Consider data locality, fault tolerance, and load balancing strategies.

Accepted Answer

Data locality optimizes performance by reducing network latency and boosting throughput.

Accepted Answer

Fault tolerance is achieved by replicating data across multiple nodes, potentially increasing storage requirements.

Accepted Answer

Load balancing strategies distribute data and processing evenly across nodes, minimizing bottlenecks.

Answer

The number of nodes in a cluster does not affect the performance of distributed file systems.

Question 24

In big data architectures, what are the key principles, challenges, and techniques used to protect data privacy and confidentiality?

Accepted Answer

Encrypting data, implementing access controls, and complying with regulations

Answer

Anonymizing and aggregating data eliminates privacy concerns

Answer

Data privacy is solely the responsibility of data owners

Answer

Open-source software and avoiding cloud services guarantee data privacy

Question 25

Which of these traits does NOT apply to big data?

Accepted Answer

Precision

Answer

Volume

Answer

Velocity

Answer

Variety

Question 26

Which distributed file system is frequently employed in big data architectures?

Accepted Answer

HDFS

Answer

S3

Answer

NFS

Answer

ZFS

Question 27

What technique is employed to store and process large datasets that exceed memory capacity?

Accepted Answer

Data partitioning

Answer

Data replication

Answer

Data compression

Answer

Data encryption

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Big Data?

Accepted Answer

Small Volume

Answer

High Velocity

Answer

Variety

Answer

Value

Question 29

Which Big Data processing framework is designed for iterative and interactive data analysis?

Accepted Answer

Apache Spark

Answer

Apache Cassandra

Answer

Apache Flink

Answer

Apache Hadoop

Question 30

What is the primary reason for utilizing columnar databases in big data analytics?

Accepted Answer

Optimized for efficient retrieval of specific columns.

Answer

Supports real-time analytics on streaming data.

Answer

Designed for storing large volumes of unstructured data.

Answer

Provides high-performance OLTP (online transaction processing).

Question 31

Which architectural approach is commonly employed for processing high volumes of real-time data?

Accepted Answer

Stream processing architecture

Answer

Batch processing architecture

Answer

Interactive analytics architecture

Answer

Data warehousing architecture

Question 32

What is the primary purpose of data lakes in big data architectures?

Accepted Answer

Store vast amounts of raw and processed data in its native format.

Answer

Improve data security and compliance.

Answer

Provide real-time analytics on structured data.

Answer

Support data mining and machine learning algorithms.

Question 33

Which of the following is a popular open-source framework for processing big data?

Accepted Answer

Hadoop ecosystem

Answer

ELK stack

Answer

MEAN stack

Answer

LAMP stack

Question 34

Which architectural pattern is recommended for ensuring the resilience of big data systems?

Accepted Answer

Fault tolerance

Answer

Cost-effectiveness

Answer

High performance

Answer

Scalability

Question 35

Which big data architecture is specifically designed to handle massive amounts of data in real-time?

Accepted Answer

Lambda Architecture

Answer

Data Warehouse Architecture

Answer

Data Lake Architecture

Answer

Hadoop Architecture

Question 36

In Hadoop Architecture, which component is primarily responsible for storing large datasets?

Accepted Answer

HDFS

Answer

Hive

Answer

HBase

Answer

Pig

Question 37

What is a primary advantage of utilizing a Data Lake Architecture?

Accepted Answer

Flexibility and scalability

Answer

Data consistency

Answer

High performance

Question 38

What is the main purpose of using an In-Memory Computing Architecture for processing big data?

Accepted Answer

To enhance processing speed and minimize latency

Answer

To simplify data complexity

Answer

To improve data security

Answer

To increase data storage capacity

Question 39

Which architecture is well-suited for storing large volumes of unstructured data, such as log files or images?

Accepted Answer

Object Storage Architecture

Answer

NoSQL Database Architecture

Answer

Relational Database Architecture

Answer

Graph Database Architecture

Question 40

In a big data architecture, what is the purpose of metadata?

Accepted Answer

To provide information about data location, structure, and usage

Answer

To secure data from unauthorized access

Answer

To store the actual data

Question 41

Which of the following is a potential limitation of a Data Warehouse Architecture for big data analytics?

Accepted Answer

Limited scalability

Answer

Data consistency

Answer

High performance

Question 42

Which of the following is a characteristic of a relational database?

Accepted Answer

Supports complex queries

Answer

No fixed schema

Answer

Document-based organization

Answer

Unstructured data storage

Question 43

What is the primary advantage of using a NoSQL database over a relational database?

Accepted Answer

Flexibility and scalability

Answer

Enhanced data security

Answer

Support for complex queries

Answer

Improved performance on structured data

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a type of NoSQL database?

Accepted Answer

Structured Query Database

Answer

Key-value store

Answer

Graph database

Answer

Document database

Question 45

What is the purpose of a data lake?

Accepted Answer

Store raw data in its native format

Answer

Provide a user-friendly interface for data exploration

Answer

Process and analyze data in real-time

Answer

Store structured data in a relational format

Question 46

Which of the following is a benefit of using a data warehouse?

Accepted Answer

Improved data quality and consistency

Answer

Low cost of implementation

Answer

Unstructured data storage

Answer

Real-time data processing

Question 47

What is the role of a data engineer in big data architecture?

Accepted Answer

Design and implement data storage and processing systems

Answer

Manage data security and privacy

Answer

Develop analytical models and algorithms

Question 48

What is the benefit of using distributed computing in big data architecture?

Accepted Answer

Increased processing power and scalability

Answer

Reduced data redundancy

Answer

Improved data security

Answer

Lower cost of implementation

Question 49

Which characteristic is NOT typically found in a distributed architecture designed for big data processing?

Accepted Answer

Single point of failure

Answer

Scalability

Answer

Fault tolerance

Answer

Data locality

Question 50

The Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is a prominent example of which type of big data storage architecture?

Accepted Answer

Distributed file system

Answer

Wide-column store

Answer

Key-value store

Answer

Relational database

Question 51

Which big data processing framework is particularly well-suited for handling large volumes of unstructured data?

Accepted Answer

Apache Spark

Answer

Apache Hadoop

Answer

Apache Cassandra

Answer

Apache Hive

Question 52

What is the primary purpose of a data warehouse within a big data architecture?

Accepted Answer

Storing and managing structured data for analytical purposes.

Answer

Providing a graphical user interface for data visualization.

Answer

Storing unstructured data in its raw format.

Answer

Processing real-time data streams.

Question 53

The lambda architecture is a big data architecture pattern that combines real-time and batch processing. What is its key advantage?

Accepted Answer

Low latency for real-time data processing, allowing for quick insights.

Answer

Reduced cost compared to traditional architectures.

Answer

High throughput for batch processing.

Question 54

When selecting a big data architecture, which factor is a critical consideration?

Accepted Answer

Data volume and velocity (how much data and how fast it arrives).

Answer

Availability of skilled professionals.

Answer

Software licensing costs.

Answer

User experience design.

Question 55

What is the main role of a metadata repository in a big data architecture?

Accepted Answer

Providing a centralized hub for managing and accessing data descriptions.

Answer

Storage of raw data in its original format.

Answer

Real-time processing of data streams.