Descriptive Statistics Quizzes: Master Data Analysis for Biology

Question 1

For a skewed distribution, which measure of central tendency is most appropriate to use?

Accepted Answer

Median

Answer

Mean

Answer

Mode

Question 2

Explain the difference between sample and population standard deviation.

Accepted Answer

Sample standard deviation is an estimate of the population standard deviation.

Answer

Population standard deviation is an estimate of the sample standard deviation.

Answer

They are the same.

Answer

They have different units.

Question 3

What does a negative correlation coefficient indicate?

Accepted Answer

As one variable increases, the other variable decreases.

Answer

As one variable decreases, the other variable increases.

Answer

There is no relationship between the variables.

Answer

The relationship is non-linear.

Question 4

Describe the relationship between the mean, median, and mode in a symmetric distribution.

Accepted Answer

Mean equals median, which equals mode.

Answer

Mean is less than median, which is less than mode.

Answer

Mean is more than median, which is more than mode.

Answer

Mean, median, and mode are not equal.

Question 5

Which graphical representation is ideal for a dataset with numerous outliers?

Accepted Answer

Boxplot

Answer

Histogram

Answer

Scatterplot

Question 6

Which measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme values?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Answer

Variance

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a visual representation of data?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Histogram

Answer

Scatterplot

Answer

Pie chart

Question 8

Which measure of variability is most reliable when the data is normally distributed?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Range

Answer

Interquartile range

Answer

Variance

Question 9

What is the probability of randomly obtaining a data point exactly equal to the mean?

Accepted Answer

0

Answer

1

Answer

0.5

Answer

Cannot be determined

Question 10

Which measure of central tendency is heavily influenced by extreme values?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a graphical representation of data?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Line graph

Answer

Scatterplot

Answer

Histogram

Question 12

The primary purpose of the interquartile range calculation is to:

Accepted Answer

Measure the spread of the middle 50% of the data

Answer

Identify potential outliers

Answer

Compare two different data sets

Answer

Calculate the mean

Question 13

In a statistical hypothesis test, the null hypothesis represents:

Accepted Answer

The assumption that there is no difference between the groups

Answer

The assumption that there is a difference between the groups

Answer

The statement that the data is normally distributed

Answer

The statement that the sample size is large enough

Question 14

Which graphical representation is commonly used to display the frequency distribution of a data set, showing the number of observations within specified ranges?

Accepted Answer

Histogram

Answer

Scatter plot

Answer

Bar chart

Answer

Pie chart

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of percentile, which divides a data set into equal parts?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Median

Answer

Quartile

Answer

Decile

Question 16

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using the mean as a measure of central tendency?

Accepted Answer

It can be skewed by outliers

Answer

It may not accurately represent the majority of data

Answer

It is not always a whole number

Answer

It is more difficult to calculate than other measures

Question 17

A researcher wants to compare the average test scores of two groups of students. Which measure of central tendency would be most appropriate for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Answer

Range

Question 18

Which measure of central tendency represents the data point that occurs most often in a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Mode

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Range

Question 19

Which graphical representation is most suitable for displaying the distribution of a continuous variable?

Accepted Answer

Histogram

Answer

Bar chart

Answer

Pie chart

Answer

Scatterplot

Question 20

Which measure of variability is most susceptible to outliers?

Accepted Answer

Range

Answer

Variance

Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Interquartile range

Question 21

Which measure of central tendency is most influenced by extreme values?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 22

What is the purpose of using a stem-and-leaf plot?

Accepted Answer

To illustrate the distribution of a dataset

Answer

To identify outliers

Answer

To compare two or more datasets

Answer

To calculate measures of central tendency

Question 23

Which of the following is not an assumption of the normal distribution?

Accepted Answer

The data is normally distributed

Answer

The mean, median, and mode are equal

Answer

The distribution is bell-shaped

Answer

The standard deviation is constant

Question 24

How does the size of a sample affect the accuracy of its mean?

Accepted Answer

The larger the sample, the more accurate the mean.

Answer

The smaller the sample, the more accurate the mean.

Answer

Sample size has no effect on the accuracy of the mean.

Question 25

The normality assumption is crucial for the validity of parametric statistical tests. How does violating this assumption affect the validity of these tests?

Accepted Answer

It can lead to biased results in parametric statistical tests.

Answer

It has no impact on the validity of parametric statistical tests.

Answer

It only applies to large sample sizes.

Answer

Parametric statistical tests always produce valid results, regardless of the normality of the data.

Question 26

Which measure of central tendency is the most commonly used and is calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of values in a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Answer

Range

Question 27

Which measure of variability quantifies the spread of data by calculating the average of the squared differences from the mean?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 28

Which measure of central tendency is most easily affected by extreme values or outliers in a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 29

What is the primary purpose of a box plot?

Accepted Answer

To show the distribution of data and identify potential outliers

Answer

To compare two or more data sets

Answer

To calculate the mean and standard deviation

Answer

To test hypotheses

Question 30

What is the key difference between a parameter and a statistic?

Accepted Answer

A parameter is a numerical characteristic of a population, while a statistic is a numerical characteristic of a sample.

Answer

A statistic is a numerical characteristic of a population, while a parameter is a numerical characteristic of a sample.

Answer

Parameters are always known, while statistics are always estimated.

Answer

There is no difference between a parameter and a statistic.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a measure of skewness?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Pearson's coefficient of skewness

Answer

Bowley's coefficient of skewness

Answer

Fisher's g1

Question 32

What is the purpose of a stem-and-leaf plot?

Accepted Answer

To visualize the distribution of data and identify patterns

Answer

To identify outliers

Answer

To calculate quartiles

Answer

To test hypotheses

Question 33

Which measure of central tendency represents the value that appears most often in a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Mode

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Range

Question 34

Which graphical representation is most suitable for visualizing the distribution of a continuous variable?

Accepted Answer

Histogram

Answer

Bar chart

Answer

Pie chart

Answer

Scatter plot

Question 35

What is the range of a dataset with a minimum value of 5 and a maximum value of 15?

Accepted Answer

10

Answer

5

Answer

15

Answer

20

Question 36

Which statistical test is used to determine if two means are significantly different?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Correlation analysis

Question 37

What is the function of a confidence interval?

Accepted Answer

To estimate the true population mean with a specific level of confidence.

Answer

To test whether a hypothesis is true or false.

Answer

To visualize the distribution of a dataset.

Answer

To calculate the likelihood of a specific event.

Question 38

Which scale of measurement is used when data can be categorized only?

Accepted Answer

Nominal

Answer

Ordinal

Answer

Interval

Answer

Ratio

Question 39

What differentiates a parameter from a statistic?

Accepted Answer

A parameter is a population characteristic, while a statistic is a sample characteristic.

Answer

A statistic is a population characteristic, while a parameter is a sample characteristic.

Answer

Parameters are always known, while statistics are always estimated.

Answer

Statistics are always known, while parameters are always estimated.

Question 40

For displaying the distribution of a categorical variable, which graphical representation is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Bar chart

Answer

Histogram

Answer

Scatterplot

Answer

Line graph

Question 41

Which assumption underlies the t-test for independent means?

Accepted Answer

Equal variances between groups

Answer

Large sample sizes

Answer

Homogeneity of regression slopes

Answer

Normal distribution of the population

Question 42

A scatterplot displays a strong positive correlation. What does this indicate about the relationship between the two variables?

Accepted Answer

As the value of one variable increases, the value of the other variable tends to increase.

Answer

As the value of one variable increases, the value of the other variable tends to decrease.

Answer

There is no relationship between the two variables.

Question 43

What is the slope of the regression line that passes through the points (2, 5) and (4, 11)?

Accepted Answer

3

Answer

2

Answer

4

Answer

5

Question 44

Which measure of variability describes the spread of data around the median?

Accepted Answer

Interquartile range

Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Variance

Answer

Mean absolute deviation

Question 45

A normal distribution has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. What is the probability of obtaining a value between 40 and 60?

Accepted Answer

0.6827

Answer

0.1587

Answer

0.3413

Answer

0.8413

Question 46

Which statistical test is nonparametric?

Accepted Answer

Wilcoxon rank-sum test

Answer

Analysis of variance

Answer

t-test

Question 47

A researcher is studying the heights of a group of students. Which measure of central tendency would best represent the typical height?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Mode

Answer

Median

Answer

Range

Question 48

If a dataset has a standard deviation of 5, what does this indicate about the data points?

Accepted Answer

The data points are, on average, 5 units away from the mean.

Answer

The data is normally distributed.

Answer

The data points are all clustered close to the mean.

Answer

The data is skewed to the right.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Median

Answer

Mean

Answer

Mode

Question 50

A dataset has a mean of 20 and a standard deviation of 3. What is the coefficient of variation?

Accepted Answer

0.15

Answer

60

Answer

3

Answer

0.6

Question 51

A researcher collects data on the number of hours students spend studying per week. The data is skewed to the right. Which measure of central tendency would be most appropriate to represent the typical study time?

Accepted Answer

Median

Answer

Range

Answer

Mean

Answer

Mode

Question 52

A researcher is studying the relationship between the number of hours spent exercising and blood pressure. Which type of graph would best illustrate this relationship?

Accepted Answer

Scatter plot

Answer

Line graph

Answer

Bar chart

Answer

Pie chart

Question 53

A dataset has a mean of 10 and a variance of 25. What is the standard deviation?

Accepted Answer

5

Answer

25

Answer

10

Answer

12.5

Question 54

A researcher is studying the effectiveness of a new drug. They collect data on the number of patients who experienced side effects. Which type of graph would be most suitable for displaying the frequencies of different side effects?

Accepted Answer

Bar chart

Answer

Histogram

Answer

Line graph

Answer

Scatter plot