Gastrointestinal Conditions in Pediatrics: Nursing Care and Management

Question 1

When assessing a 2-year-old child with constipation, which question is most crucial?

Accepted Answer

When was the child's last bowel movement?

Answer

What is the consistency of the child's stools?

Answer

Has the child experienced any abdominal pain?

Answer

Is the child currently taking any medications?

Question 2

In managing celiac disease in children, which food item should the nurse instruct parents to avoid?

Accepted Answer

Wheat products

Answer

Rice

Answer

Corn

Answer

Potatoes

Question 3

Which medication is commonly used to treat diarrhea in children?

Accepted Answer

Loperamide

Answer

Ondansetron

Answer

Metoclopramide

Answer

Bisacodyl

Question 4

During the physical examination of a child suspected of having appendicitis, which finding is most suggestive of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Rebound tenderness in the right lower quadrant

Answer

Guarding in the left upper quadrant

Answer

Murphy's sign

Answer

Rovsing's sign

Question 5

What is the primary focus of nursing care for a child diagnosed with gastroenteritis?

Accepted Answer

Preventing fluid and electrolyte imbalances

Answer

Relieving symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea

Answer

Providing adequate pain relief

Answer

Maintaining hygiene and comfort

Question 6

Which assessment finding in an infant should raise suspicion of pyloric stenosis?

Accepted Answer

Non-bilious, projectile vomiting

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Failure to gain weight

Question 7

What is the preferred initial treatment option for intussusception in children?

Accepted Answer

Air enema

Answer

Surgical intervention

Answer

Antibiotic therapy

Answer

Enema with barium sulfate

Question 8

Which of the following factors increases the risk of constipation in children?

Accepted Answer

Formula feeding

Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Adequate fluid intake

Answer

Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables

Question 9

Which teaching strategy is most effective in enhancing parental understanding and adherence to the treatment plan for their child's gastrointestinal condition?

Accepted Answer

Using interactive demonstrations, role-playing, and clear explanations

Answer

Providing written handouts only

Answer

Giving verbal instructions without additional teaching aids

Answer

Recommending online resources without nurse follow-up

Question 10

Which assessment finding is a key indicator of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in a newborn baby?

Accepted Answer

Bloody stools

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Vomiting

Question 11

The primary goal of nursing care for a child with vomiting is to:

Accepted Answer

Maintain hydration

Answer

Prevent electrolyte imbalances

Answer

Reduce abdominal pain

Answer

Eliminate the cause of vomiting

Question 12

The first-line treatment for dehydration in a child with diarrhea is:

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration solution (ORS)

Answer

Intravenous (IV) fluids

Answer

Antidiarrheal medication

Answer

Laxatives

Question 13

The most important assessment finding when evaluating a child with diarrhea is:

Accepted Answer

Severity of dehydration

Answer

Cause of diarrhea

Answer

Electrolyte levels

Answer

Duration of symptoms

Question 14

What is the most prevalent cause of diarrhea in children under 2 years of age?

Accepted Answer

Rotavirus

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Parasitic infection

Answer

Food allergies

Question 15

What is the initial recommended treatment for constipation in children?

Accepted Answer

Fiber supplements

Answer

Laxatives

Answer

Enemas

Answer

Suppositories

Question 16

When assessing a child with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which aspect is most critical?

Accepted Answer

Frequency and severity of reflux episodes

Answer

Dietary habits and feeding practices

Answer

Growth parameters

Answer

Respiratory status

Question 17

What is the primary focus of nursing care for a child diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Accepted Answer

Symptom management and prevention of complications

Answer

Achieving a cure for the disease

Answer

Optimizing nutritional status

Answer

Providing emotional support

Question 18

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with diarrhea in children?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Answer

Fever

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Weight gain

Question 19

When assessing a child who is vomiting, what is the nurse's primary concern?

Accepted Answer

Level of consciousness

Answer

Frequency of vomiting

Answer

Degree of dehydration

Answer

Parental anxiety

Question 20

Which type of formula is recommended for infants diagnosed with lactose intolerance?

Accepted Answer

Lactose-reduced formula

Answer

Cow's milk-based formula

Answer

Soy-based formula

Answer

Goat's milk-based formula

Question 21

What is the main goal of nursing care for a child with gastroenteritis?

Accepted Answer

Preventing dehydration

Answer

Controlling pain

Answer

Promoting rest

Answer

Administering antibiotics

Question 22

What is the primary treatment approach for a child diagnosed with pyloric stenosis?

Accepted Answer

Surgical intervention

Answer

Conservative (nonsurgical)

Answer

Medication

Answer

Dietary alterations

Question 23

Within a multidisciplinary healthcare team caring for children with gastrointestinal conditions, which healthcare professional is primarily responsible for providing nutritional guidance and support?

Accepted Answer

Registered Dietitian

Answer

Pediatrician

Answer

Nurse Practitioner

Answer

Pharmacist

Question 24

What is the first-line treatment for children experiencing uncomplicated constipation?

Accepted Answer

Fiber supplements

Answer

Laxatives

Answer

Stool softeners

Answer

Enemas

Question 25

What is the main reason why diarrhea can lead to dehydration in children?

Accepted Answer

Increased fluid and electrolyte loss

Answer

Impaired nutrient absorption

Answer

Fever and vomiting

Answer

Damage to the intestinal lining

Question 26

What is the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated diarrhea in children under 2 years of age?

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration solution

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Antidiarrheal medications

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Question 27

What is the primary goal of dietary management for a child with constipation?

Accepted Answer

Increasing fiber intake

Answer

Reducing fluid intake

Answer

Restricting certain foods

Answer

Providing a laxative-rich diet

Question 28

For children with chronic constipation, which dietary change is most often suggested by healthcare professionals?

Accepted Answer

Increase soluble fiber intake

Answer

Reduce dairy intake

Answer

Limit fluid intake

Question 29

Which is the primary objective of nursing care for a child experiencing diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

Preventing dehydration

Answer

Eliminating the infectious agent

Answer

Reducing abdominal pain

Answer

Promoting sleep

Question 30

Which electrolyte imbalance is a potential risk for a child experiencing vomiting?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Hypernatremia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Question 31

Which characteristic is NOT associated with constipation in children?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Infrequent bowel movements

Answer

Hard, dry stools

Answer

Painful defecation

Question 32

Which type of fluid replacement is recommended for a child with gastroenteritis?

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration solution

Answer

Water

Answer

Juice

Answer

Gatorade

Question 33

Which is a potential complication of untreated constipation in children?

Accepted Answer

Fecal impaction

Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Urinary incontinence

Question 34

Which of the following is **NOT** a sign of dehydration in children?

Accepted Answer

Increased urine output

Answer

Dry, sticky mouth

Answer

Sunken eyes

Answer

Lethargy

Question 35

What is the first-line treatment for acute diarrhea in children?

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration solution (ORS)

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Antidiarrheal medications

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Question 36

What is the primary pathophysiological finding in pyloric stenosis?

Accepted Answer

Thickening of the pyloric muscle

Answer

Increased gastric secretions

Answer

Reduced gastrointestinal motility

Answer

Dilated pyloric channel

Question 37

Which of the following interventions is **NOT** appropriate for a child with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Increasing fluid intake

Answer

Positioning the child upright after feeding

Answer

Thickening feeds

Answer

Administering proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

Question 38

What is the most common cause of vomiting in children under 2 years old?

Accepted Answer

Gastroenteritis

Answer

Intussusception

Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Pyloric stenosis

Question 39

What is the first assessment priority for a child with acute abdominal pain?

Accepted Answer

Pain location and severity

Answer

Duration of pain

Answer

Associated symptoms

Answer

Past medical history

Question 40

What is the recommended feeding strategy for a child with gastroparesis?

Accepted Answer

Small, frequent meals

Answer

Large, infrequent meals

Answer

Continuous tube feeding

Answer

Intermittent tube feeding

Question 41

Which of the following is the most common symptom of diarrhea in children?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Increased thirst

Answer

Constipation

Question 42

What is the primary goal of nursing care for a child experiencing persistent vomiting?

Accepted Answer

Preventing dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Answer

Relieving pain

Answer

Promoting comfort

Answer

Administering antiemetics

Question 43

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for constipation in children?

Accepted Answer

Low fiber intake

Answer

Frequent exercise

Answer

Adequate fluid intake

Answer

Regular bowel movements

Question 44

What is the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated acute gastroenteritis in children?

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration solution

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Antispasmodic medications

Question 45

Which of the following is a potential complication of severe diarrhea in children?

Accepted Answer

Electrolyte imbalance

Answer

Hypothermia

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Increased urine output

Question 46

Which nursing intervention is crucial to prevent aspiration during vomiting in children?

Accepted Answer

Positioning the child on their side with their head lower than their chest

Answer

Keeping the child upright

Answer

Administering antiemetics

Answer

Giving fluids orally

Question 47

Which dietary modification is recommended to alleviate constipation in children?

Accepted Answer

Increasing fiber intake

Answer

Reducing fluid intake

Answer

Limiting dairy products

Answer

Avoiding fruits and vegetables

Question 48

What is the primary nursing responsibility when caring for a child with gastrointestinal pain?

Accepted Answer

Providing comfort measures and pain relief

Answer

Administering pain medications only

Answer

Monitoring vital signs

Answer

Assessing for dehydration

Question 49

A 2-year-old child is brought to the emergency room with severe diarrhea and vomiting. What is the **most important** nursing assessment to perform initially?

Accepted Answer

Assess for signs of dehydration, including capillary refill and skin turgor.

Answer

Obtain a detailed history of food intake.

Answer

Auscultate bowel sounds in all four quadrants.

Question 50

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of an infant diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which instruction is **most important** to include?

Accepted Answer

Burp the infant frequently during and after feedings to release trapped air.

Answer

Place the infant in a prone position after feedings to help with digestion.

Answer

Give the infant large, infrequent feedings to reduce the frequency of spitting up.

Question 51

A child with a history of constipation presents with abdominal pain. What should the nurse do **first**?

Accepted Answer

Assess the child's abdomen for distention or tenderness and obtain a recent stool history.

Answer

Encourage the child to increase fluid and fiber intake.

Answer

Administer a glycerin suppository per doctor's order.

Question 52

Which of the following is a **common clinical manifestation** of Hirschsprung's disease in a newborn?

Accepted Answer

Failure to pass meconium within 48 hours of birth.

Answer

Projectile vomiting after each feeding.

Answer

Currant jelly-like stools.

Answer

Excessive drooling and choking during feeds.

Question 53

A child with celiac disease is being discharged home. Which statement by the parent indicates a need for **further teaching**?

Accepted Answer

It's okay to give my child small amounts of wheat flour as a treat.

Answer

I will read food labels carefully to avoid gluten-containing ingredients.

Answer

I understand that celiac disease is a lifelong condition.

Question 54

The nurse is caring for a child with suspected appendicitis. Which assessment finding should the nurse **immediately report** to the healthcare provider?

Accepted Answer

Sudden relief of abdominal pain, which may indicate a ruptured appendix.

Answer

Right lower quadrant abdominal pain.

Answer

Low-grade fever and nausea.

Answer

Decreased appetite and fatigue.

Question 55

Which dietary modification is **recommended** for a child with diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

Offer the child oral rehydration solution (ORS) to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.

Answer

Restrict fluids to prevent further electrolyte loss.

Answer

Encourage consumption of high-sugar drinks and juices.

Answer

Provide a high-fiber diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables.

Question 56

A child presents with recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, and gas, especially after consuming dairy products. The nurse suspects:

Accepted Answer

Lactose intolerance, which is a common cause of these symptoms.

Answer

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Answer

Celiac disease.

Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Question 57

What is a **key nursing intervention** for a child experiencing vomiting?

Accepted Answer

Maintain a patent airway and prevent aspiration by positioning the child on their side.

Answer

Administer antiemetics immediately.

Answer

Place the child in a supine position.

Answer

Encourage oral intake to prevent dehydration.