Third Law of Thermodynamics: Understanding Systems at Absolute Zero

Question 1

According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, what happens to the entropy of a perfect crystalline substance as the temperature approaches absolute zero?

Accepted Answer

It approaches zero.

Answer

It increases rapidly.

Answer

It remains constant.

Answer

It becomes negative.

Question 2

According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, as a system approaches absolute zero temperature, what happens to its entropy?

Accepted Answer

Approaches a constant value

Answer

Increases indefinitely

Answer

Decreases indefinitely

Answer

Becomes negative

Question 3

According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero.

Answer

The entropy of a closed system increases over time.

Answer

A system's heat capacity at absolute zero is non-zero.

Question 4

As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, its entropy:

Accepted Answer

Decreases and approaches zero

Answer

Increases and approaches infinity

Answer

Remains constant

Answer

Becomes negative

Question 5

The unattainability of absolute zero implies that:

Accepted Answer

It is impossible to create a perfectly efficient heat engine

Answer

All matter will eventually become a superconductor

Answer

The speed of light increases as temperature decreases

Answer

Black holes cannot exist in the universe

Question 6

During an isothermal process of a system, its entropy:

Accepted Answer

Remains constant

Answer

Increases

Answer

Decreases

Answer

Oscillates

Question 7

NOT a consequence of the Third Law of Thermodynamics is that the:

Accepted Answer

Reaction rate of a chemical reaction increases as temperature decreases

Answer

Efficiency of a heat engine can never be 100%

Answer

Gibbs free energy of a system vanishes at absolute zero

Answer

Heat cannot flow spontaneously from a colder to a hotter object

Question 8

The physical interpretation of heat capacity being zero at absolute zero means that:

Accepted Answer

No heat is required to change the temperature of a substance

Answer

The substance undergoes a phase transition

Answer

The substance becomes a superconductor

Answer

The substance becomes a black hole

Question 9

An application that relies on the Third Law of Thermodynamics is:

Accepted Answer

Cryogenics

Answer

Nuclear power plants

Answer

Refrigeration

Answer

Rocket propulsion

Question 10

In accordance with the Third Law of Thermodynamics, what is the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance at absolute zero temperature?

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

A positive finite value

Answer

A negative finite value

Answer

Indeterminate

Question 11

Which system is characterized by the highest entropy?

Accepted Answer

A vacuum.

Answer

A solid at absolute zero temperature.

Answer

A liquid at room temperature.

Answer

A gas at its boiling point.

Question 12

Which of the following is a consequence of the Third Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Heat cannot flow from a colder to a hotter system without work being done.

Answer

The heat capacity of a substance is constant at all temperatures.

Answer

The entropy of a closed system can be negative.

Answer

The entropy of a system remains constant at absolute zero temperature.

Question 13

How does the Third Law of Thermodynamics relate to the prediction of reaction spontaneity?

Accepted Answer

It provides a method for calculating the Gibbs free energy change.

Answer

It allows for the determination of whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic.

Answer

It predicts the rate of a reaction.

Answer

It enables the determination of the activation energy for a reaction.

Question 14

Which system can be expected to have the lowest entropy?

Accepted Answer

A deck of cards in a specific order.

Answer

A pile of sand.

Answer

A glass of water at room temperature.

Answer

A room filled with gas at a high temperature.

Question 15

According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero temperature is:

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Non-zero

Answer

Infinite

Answer

Undefined

Question 16

The Third Law of Thermodynamics is based on the assumption that:

Accepted Answer

The entropy of a system is a state function

Answer

All materials are crystalline

Answer

All systems are in thermal equilibrium

Answer

Absolute zero temperature can be achieved

Question 17

Consider a closed system undergoing a reversible process at constant temperature. According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, the entropy change of the system is:

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Positive

Answer

Negative

Answer

Dependent on the specific process

Question 18

Which of the following statements about heat capacity is consistent with the Third Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The heat capacity of a system approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero

Answer

The heat capacity of a system is always positive

Answer

The heat capacity of a system is independent of temperature

Answer

The heat capacity of a system is proportional to its entropy

Question 19

According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, what happens to the entropy of a perfect crystal as its temperature approaches absolute zero?

Accepted Answer

It approaches zero.

Answer

It remains constant.

Answer

It becomes negative.

Answer

It increases indefinitely.

Question 20

According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, as a perfectly crystalline substance approaches absolute zero, what happens to its entropy?

Accepted Answer

Approaches a constant minimum

Answer

Increases indefinitely

Answer

Becomes zero

Answer

Decreases linearly

Question 21

According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero temperature is:

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Infinite

Answer

Positive but non-zero

Answer

Negative

Question 22

The heat capacity of a substance:

Accepted Answer

Indicates the amount of heat required to raise its temperature by 1 K

Answer

Is a measure of its entropy

Answer

Determines the direction of heat flow between two substances

Answer

Is independent of the substance's temperature

Question 23

Entropy can be interpreted as a measure of:

Accepted Answer

Disorder of a system

Answer

Energy of a system

Answer

Temperature of a system

Answer

Volume of a system

Question 24

The Clausius statement of the Third Law of Thermodynamics states that:

Accepted Answer

The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as temperature approaches absolute zero

Answer

The heat capacity of a system approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero

Answer

It is impossible to construct a heat engine that operates with 100% efficiency

Answer

The entropy of a system is always greater than zero

Question 25

According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, spontaneous processes:

Accepted Answer

Always increase the entropy of the universe

Answer

Always decrease the entropy of the universe

Answer

Can occur without affecting the entropy of the universe

Answer

Are unrelated to entropy changes

Question 26

According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, as the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, its entropy approaches:

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

A positive value

Answer

A negative value

Answer

Infinity

Question 27

Which of the following statements about heat capacity is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Heat capacity approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero.

Answer

Heat capacity is independent of temperature.

Answer

Heat capacity is always positive.

Answer

Heat capacity can be negative.

Question 28

Which of the following processes violates the Third Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of all the entropy in a perfect crystalline system to heat

Answer

Cooling a gas by adiabatic expansion

Answer

Reversible isothermal compression of a gas

Answer

Irreversible heat transfer from a high-temperature reservoir to a low-temperature reservoir

Question 29

The unattainability of absolute zero is a direct consequence of:

Accepted Answer

The Third Law of Thermodynamics

Answer

The First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer

Newton's Laws of Motion

Question 30

The Third Law of Thermodynamics is sometimes referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Nernst's theorem

Answer

Carnot's theorem

Answer

Clausius' theorem

Answer

Kelvin's theorem

Question 31

According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, as the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, what happens to its entropy?

Accepted Answer

It approaches a constant value

Answer

It approaches infinity

Answer

It approaches negative infinity

Answer

It increases linearly

Question 32

At absolute zero, the entropy of a perfect crystal is zero because:

Accepted Answer

The crystal has no disorder: is perfectly ordered

Answer

The crystal has maximum entropy: is highly disordered

Answer

The crystal has negative entropy: is in a state of chaos

Answer

The crystal has infinite entropy: is in a state of instability

Question 33

Which of the following is a correct statement about entropy and heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

Entropy is a measure of disorder, while heat capacity is a measure of energy storage

Answer

Heat capacity is a measure of disorder, while entropy is a measure of energy storage

Answer

Entropy and heat capacity are the same thing

Answer

Entropy and heat capacity are unrelated

Question 34

How does the Clausius-Clapeyron equation relate to the Third Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

It describes the relationship between entropy and pressure in phase transitions

Answer

It predicts the temperature dependence of heat capacity

Answer

It explains the unattainability of absolute zero

Answer

It contradicts the Third Law of Thermodynamics

Question 35

What is the relationship between entropy and spontaneity?

Accepted Answer

Entropy increases in spontaneous processes

Answer

Entropy decreases in spontaneous processes

Answer

Entropy remains constant in spontaneous processes

Answer

Entropy is unrelated to spontaneity

Question 36

According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, what is the behavior of the entropy of a perfect crystal as the temperature approaches absolute zero?

Accepted Answer

It becomes zero.

Answer

It increases.

Answer

It decreases.

Answer

It remains constant.

Question 37

As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, what happens to its heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

It decreases.

Answer

It increases.

Answer

It remains constant.

Answer

It becomes infinite.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the Third Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Absolute zero temperature can be achieved in practice.

Answer

Heat capacity approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero.

Answer

Entropy of a perfect crystal is zero at absolute zero.

Answer

The efficiency of heat engines can approach 100% at absolute zero.

Question 39

Which of Walther Nernst's methods is employed to experimentally validate the Third Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Nernst's heat theorem

Answer

Calorimetric measurements

Answer

Adiabatic demagnetization

Answer

Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation

Question 40

According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, as the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, what happens to the system's entropy?

Accepted Answer

It approaches a constant value.

Answer

It increases.

Answer

It decreases.

Question 41

Which of the following statements about heat capacity at absolute zero is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is zero for all substances.

Answer

It is positive for all substances.

Answer

It is infinite for all substances.

Question 42

The Third Law of Thermodynamics has significant implications for chemical reactions at low temperatures. Which of the following is NOT one of these implications?

Accepted Answer

Chemical reactions become faster as the temperature approaches absolute zero.

Answer

The equilibrium constant for a reaction approaches unity.

Answer

The Gibbs free energy change for a reaction approaches zero.

Question 43

What is the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero?

Accepted Answer

Zero.

Answer

Negative.

Answer

Undefined.

Answer

Positive.

Question 44

How does the Third Law of Thermodynamics relate to the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The Third Law is a consequence of the Second Law.

Answer

The Third Law and the Second Law are independent of each other.

Answer

The Third Law contradicts the Second Law.

Answer

The Second Law is a consequence of the Third Law.

Question 45

What is the term used to describe the entropy of a system at absolute zero that is due to imperfections or disorder?

Accepted Answer

Residual entropy.

Answer

Thermal entropy.

Answer

Absolute entropy.

Question 46

Which of the following accurately describes the statement of the Third Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, its entropy approaches a constant value.

Answer

The total entropy of an isolated system is constantly increasing.

Answer

Heat cannot flow from a colder reservoir to a hotter reservoir.

Question 47

At absolute zero, the entropy of a perfect crystal is:

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

A large positive value

Answer

A small positive value

Answer

An undefined value

Question 48

Why is it impossible to reach absolute zero temperature?

Accepted Answer

Reaching absolute zero would require an infinite amount of work.

Answer

Temperature is a relative measure and cannot be absolute.

Answer

It violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

Question 49

As a system approaches absolute zero, its heat capacity approaches:

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Infinity

Answer

A constant value

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the Third Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The efficiency of a heat engine can be 100%.

Answer

The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero.

Answer

The entropy of a system can never decrease.

Answer

It is impossible to reach absolute zero temperature.

Question 51

Consider a gas cooled from room temperature to near absolute zero. What happens to its entropy?

Accepted Answer

It decreases significantly.

Answer

It increases slightly.

Answer

It fluctuates unpredictably.

Answer

It remains constant.

Question 52

A scientist claims to have developed a device that can achieve absolute zero temperature. What is the most compelling reason to doubt this claim?

Accepted Answer

The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that absolute zero is unattainable.

Answer

The device violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

Answer

The device violates the First Law of Thermodynamics.

Question 53

Why is the Third Law of Thermodynamics important in the field of cryogenics?

Accepted Answer

It establishes the theoretical limit for achievable temperatures.

Answer

It explains the behavior of superconductors at low temperatures.

Answer

It describes the liquefaction process of gases.

Question 54

A system has a high heat capacity at room temperature. How will its heat capacity change as it approaches absolute zero?

Accepted Answer

It will decrease significantly.

Answer

It will remain approximately constant.

Answer

It will increase significantly.

Question 55

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of the Third Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A perfectly ordered crystal at absolute zero has minimal energy and no disorder.

Answer

A hot object cools down by transferring heat to a colder object.

Answer

A gas expands to fill a larger container, increasing its entropy.