Ribosomes: The Protein Synthesis Powerhouses

Question 1

Ribosomes are cellular organelles responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

RNA processing

Answer

Carbohydrate metabolism

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Question 2

The peptidyl transferase center of a ribosome is located on the:

Accepted Answer

50S subunit

Answer

30S subunit

Answer

60S subunit

Answer

40S subunit

Question 3

In protein synthesis, messenger RNA (mRNA) functions as a:

Accepted Answer

Carrier of the genetic code

Answer

Source of energy

Answer

Binding site for amino acids

Answer

Scaffold for ribosome assembly

Question 4

The antibiotic erythromycin targets ribosomes by:

Accepted Answer

Blocking peptidyl transferase activity

Answer

Interfering with ribosome assembly

Answer

Preventing mRNA binding

Answer

Disrupting tRNA charging

Question 5

The technique used to visualize ribosomes in cells is:

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopy

Answer

Fluorescence microscopy

Answer

Atomic force microscopy

Answer

Scanning tunneling microscopy

Question 6

Ribosomes are primarily responsible for which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

ATP production

Answer

RNA transcription

Question 7

In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes can be found in which location?

Accepted Answer

Both the cytoplasm and the nucleus

Answer

Nucleus only

Answer

Cytoplasm only

Answer

Mitochondria only

Question 8

What type of chemical bond is formed between adjacent amino acids during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Answer

Glycosidic bond

Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 9

How do chaperones primarily contribute to the folding of newly synthesized proteins?

Accepted Answer

Protecting hydrophobic regions from the solvent

Answer

Providing a template for folding

Answer

Catalyzing bond formation within proteins

Answer

Degrading misfolded proteins

Question 10

Which type of rRNA is **not** found in eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

10S rRNA

Answer

18S rRNA

Answer

28S rRNA

Answer

5.8S rRNA

Question 11

What is the primary function of a ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

RNA transcription

Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 12

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

To carry amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

To initiate translation

Answer

To terminate translation

Answer

To splice mRNA

Question 13

Which technique is used to study the structure and function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Cryo-electron microscopy

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

PCR

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 14

How does a polyribosome differ from a monoribosome?

Accepted Answer

A polyribosome contains multiple ribosomes attached to a single mRNA molecule

Answer

A polyribosome is attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

A monoribosome is embedded in the nuclear membrane

Answer

A monoribosome synthesizes proteins destined for secretion

Question 15

Which antibiotic targets the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Penicillin

Answer

Tetracycline

Answer

Sulfonamides

Question 16

What is the approximate size of a eukaryotic ribosome?

Accepted Answer

80nm

Answer

10nm

Answer

20nm

Answer

40nm

Question 17

Which of the following is the primary location of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Both free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Only free ribosomes

Answer

Only rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

What is the primary role of the small ribosomal subunit?

Accepted Answer

Binding messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Decoding the genetic information

Answer

Catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds

Answer

Elongating the polypeptide chain

Question 19

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of prokaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes (70S vs. 80S)

Answer

They lack rRNA

Answer

They have a nucleus

Answer

They consist of a large and small subunit

Question 20

What are two important functions of rRNA in ribosome structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Forms the structural framework of the ribosome and catalyzes peptide bond formation

Answer

Decodes the genetic information

Answer

Is the primary target of antibiotic drugs

Answer

Binds to tRNA molecules

Question 21

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are composed of both protein and RNA

Answer

Ribosomes are only found in prokaryotic cells

Answer

Ribosomes play a role in DNA replication

Answer

Ribosomes are solely responsible for energy production in cells

Question 22

Approximately what is the size of a eukaryotic ribosome in Svedberg units?

Accepted Answer

80S

Answer

100S

Answer

70S

Answer

50S

Question 23

What is the initiation codon in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Answer

UAA

Answer

UGA

Answer

UAG