Biotechnology Techniques: Master Molecular Biology, Cell Culture, and Bioprocess Engineering

Question 1

Which technique in molecular biology allows precise manipulation and modification of DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Microscopy

Answer

Cell culture

Question 2

What is the primary reason for using aseptic techniques in biotechnology experiments?

Accepted Answer

To prevent contamination with microorganisms

Answer

To guarantee accurate data collection

Answer

To maintain a sterile work environment

Answer

To promote rapid cell proliferation

Question 3

Which biotechnology technique uses restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction digestion

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 4

Which of the following is not a core step in molecular biology techniques?

Accepted Answer

Microscopy

Answer

DNA extraction

Answer

PCR amplification

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 5

What is the primary purpose of aseptic techniques in cell culture?

Accepted Answer

To prevent contamination of cells with microorganisms

Answer

To maintain optimal growth conditions for cells

Answer

To ensure the purity of cell lines

Answer

To facilitate cell differentiation

Question 6

Which of the following is a commonly employed method for large-scale production of recombinant proteins?

Accepted Answer

Fed-batch culture

Answer

Batch culture

Answer

Continuous culture

Answer

Solid-state fermentation

Question 7

What is the primary function of restriction enzymes in molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

To cut DNA at specific recognition sequences

Answer

To amplify DNA fragments

Answer

To insert genes into vectors

Answer

To detect mutations

Question 8

Which of the following is not a type of chromatography employed in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Thin-layer chromatography

Answer

Affinity chromatography

Answer

Ion exchange chromatography

Answer

Size exclusion chromatography

Question 9

Which of the following is the first fundamental step in molecular cloning?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme digestion

Answer

Ligation

Answer

Expression

Answer

PCR

Question 10

What is the primary purpose of using antibiotics in cell culture?

Accepted Answer

To inhibit the growth of contaminating microorganisms

Answer

To provide essential nutrients for cell growth

Answer

To promote cell differentiation

Answer

To maintain osmotic balance

Question 11

What is the main function of plasmids in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Carrying foreign genes into cells

Answer

Amplifying DNA fragments

Answer

Regulating gene expression

Answer

Producing proteins

Question 12

What is the purpose of Western blotting?

Accepted Answer

Detection of specific proteins in a sample

Answer

Amplification of DNA fragments

Answer

Sequencing of RNA molecules

Answer

Synthesis of antibodies

Question 13

In bioprocess engineering, why is optimizing culture conditions and process parameters crucial for maximizing product yield?

Accepted Answer

It ensures efficient nutrient use and reduces waste.

Answer

It prevents contamination and maintains sterility.

Answer

It minimizes genetic mutations in cells.

Answer

It simplifies downstream processing and purification.

Question 14

Which technique is employed to separate DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 15

What is the function of a selective medium in cell culture?

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting growth of specific cell types

Answer

Promoting growth of all cell types

Answer

Enhancing cell differentiation

Answer

Inducing cell death

Question 16

Which type of bioreactor is most commonly utilized for large-scale production of biological products?

Accepted Answer

Continuous bioreactor

Answer

Batch bioreactor

Answer

Fed-batch bioreactor

Answer

Perfused bioreactor

Question 17

What is the primary role of a plasmid in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Amplifying foreign genes

Answer

Regulating gene expression

Answer

Transporting DNA into cells

Answer

Providing antibiotic resistance

Question 18

In gene editing, which ethical principle holds the highest priority?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining informed consent from individuals whose genetic material is being altered.

Answer

Pursuing financial benefits as the primary goal of gene editing.

Answer

Ignoring the potential long-term effects of gene editing.

Answer

Dismissing objections from individuals or groups who oppose gene editing.

Question 19

Which technique is employed to separate DNA fragments by size and electrical charge?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA precipitation

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

PCR amplification

Question 20

What is the primary function of a bioreactor in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

To provide a controlled environment for cell growth and product synthesis.

Answer

To design and create genetically modified organisms.

Answer

To isolate and purify biomolecules.

Question 21

Which type of cell culture medium is formulated to support cell growth and maintenance in vitro?

Accepted Answer

Complete medium

Answer

Minimal medium

Answer

Differential medium

Answer

Selective medium

Question 22

What is the primary role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

To cleave DNA at specific recognition sequences.

Answer

To determine DNA sequences

Answer

To synthesize new DNA molecules

Answer

To amplify DNA fragments via PCR

Question 23

What is the key difference between a plasmid and a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A plasmid is a small, circular DNA molecule, while a chromosome is linear and much larger.

Answer

Plasmids carry essential genes, while chromosomes do not.

Answer

Chromosomes are found in all cells, while plasmids are only found in bacteria.

Question 24

Which application of biotechnology plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry?

Accepted Answer

Production of therapeutic proteins and antibodies.

Answer

Biofuel production from renewable resources.

Answer

Bioremediation of environmental pollutants.

Answer

Development of diagnostic tools for disease detection.

Question 25

What are the primary ethical considerations associated with the development and use of genetically modified organisms?

Accepted Answer

Potential environmental impact, unintended consequences, and risks to human health.

Answer

Consumer acceptance and market demand.

Answer

Cost-effectiveness and scalability.

Question 26

What is the primary purpose of quality control in biotechnology manufacturing?

Accepted Answer

To guarantee the safety, effectiveness, and consistency of biotechnology products.

Answer

To automate manufacturing processes.

Answer

To reduce production expenses.

Question 27

Which career path is a common choice for graduates with a degree in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Bioprocess engineer

Answer

Software developer.

Answer

Financial analyst.

Answer

Marketing and sales representative.