Downstream Processing: Master Product Recovery and Purification

Question 1

Clear Which technique is commonly employed to separate cells from the fermentation broth?

Accepted Answer

Clear Centrifugation

Answer

Clear Chromatography

Answer

Clear Filtration

Answer

Clear Distillation

Question 2

Precise In gel filtration chromatography, the stationary phase is composed of:

Accepted Answer

Clear Dextran beads

Answer

Clear Silica beads

Answer

Clear Calcium phosphate

Answer

Clear Activated carbon

Question 3

Which separation technique employs a pressure-driven process to separate molecules based on size and electrical charge?

Accepted Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Filtration

Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

Distillation

Question 4

What type of chromatography isolates molecules based on their specific binding affinity to a particular ligand?

Accepted Answer

Affinity

Answer

Ion exchange

Answer

Size exclusion

Answer

Reversed phase

Question 5

What is the primary purpose of a drying step in downstream processing?

Accepted Answer

To increase product stability

Answer

To remove impurities

Answer

To concentrate the product

Answer

To prevent microbial growth

Question 6

Which equipment is typically employed for large-scale centrifugation in downstream processing?

Accepted Answer

Centrifuge

Answer

Filter press

Answer

Chromatography column

Answer

Bioreactor

Question 7

What is the typical purity level achieved through downstream processing?

Accepted Answer

95-99%

Answer

50-70%

Answer

80-95%

Answer

99-100%

Question 8

Which regulatory agency is primarily responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of biopharmaceutical products in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Answer

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Answer

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Question 9

Which method of downstream processing separates particles primarily based on their size using a semi-permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Filtration

Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Extraction

Question 10

In tangential flow filtration, which principle is employed to minimize filter blockage?

Accepted Answer

Cross-flow principle

Answer

Counter-flow principle

Answer

Batch filtration principle

Answer

Ultrafiltration principle

Question 11

Chromatography is categorized into distinct types primarily based on which aspect?

Accepted Answer

The stationary phase

Answer

The mobile phase

Answer

The sample

Answer

The detector

Question 12

Size-exclusion chromatography functions on the principle of:

Accepted Answer

Separating molecules according to their size

Answer

Separating molecules according to their charge

Answer

Separating molecules according to their polarity

Answer

Separating molecules according to their affinity

Question 13

In downstream processing, precipitation aims to:

Accepted Answer

Decrease product solubility

Answer

Increase product solubility

Answer

Alter product pH

Answer

Eliminate impurities

Question 14

Which method is commonly employed for extracting proteins from cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell lysis

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Filtration

Answer

Centrifugation

Question 15

The primary objective of diafiltration in downstream processing is to:

Accepted Answer

All of the mentioned objectives

Answer

Exchange buffer solutions

Answer

Concentrate the product

Answer

Eliminate impurities

Question 16

The concluding stage of downstream processing typically involves:

Accepted Answer

Product formulation

Answer

Cell culture

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Purification

Question 17

Which technique is commonly used to separate proteins based solely on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Thin-layer chromatography

Answer

Liquid chromatography

Answer

Affinity chromatography

Question 18

A significant challenge associated with downstream processing is:

Accepted Answer

Preventing product denaturation

Answer

Implementing automation

Answer

Navigating stringent regulatory requirements

Answer

Minimizing production expenses

Question 19

In the pharmaceutical industry, downstream processing plays a crucial role in:

Accepted Answer

Manufacturing vaccines and other biologics

Answer

Sterilizing medical devices

Answer

Producing biofuels

Answer

Remediating environmental pollution

Question 20

Centrifugation is a downstream processing technique primarily used to:

Accepted Answer

Separate particles based on their density

Answer

Extract nucleic acids from cells

Answer

Purify proteins using specific ligands

Answer

Enhance product yield through crystallization

Question 21

Which statement about downstream processing is accurate?

Accepted Answer

It often constitutes the most substantial expense in bioprocess manufacturing

Answer

It is exclusively employed for therapeutic protein production

Answer

It typically follows a standardized protocol

Question 22

A key advantage of utilizing membrane filtration in downstream processing is its:

Accepted Answer

Scalability to accommodate varying production volumes

Answer

Exceptionally high efficiency

Answer

Low implementation costs

Answer

Specificity in isolating target molecules

Question 23

When designing a downstream processing strategy, a crucial factor to consider is:

Accepted Answer

Unique characteristics of the target product and its intended application

Answer

Time constraints imposed by production deadlines

Answer

Availability of specific equipment

Answer

Experience level of operators