Socialization and Deviance: Understanding the Roots of Deviant Behavior

Question 1

What is the best definition of social deviance?

Accepted Answer

Actions that go against societal rules and expectations

Answer

Actions that are rare or unusual

Answer

Actions that break the law

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Actions that hurt others

Question 2

According to labeling theory, deviance is created when:

Accepted Answer

Society labels individuals as deviant, regardless of their behavior.

Answer

Individuals are born with deviant traits.

Answer

Individuals perceive themselves as deviant, regardless of how society views them.

Answer

Individuals intentionally violate social norms.

Question 3

Social control theory emphasizes the role of:

Accepted Answer

Social bonds

Answer

Biological factors

Answer

Psychological factors

Answer

Cultural values

Question 4

Which of the following is a consequence of negative labeling?

Accepted Answer

Reduced social opportunities

Answer

Increased self-esteem

Answer

Improved relationships

Answer

Enhanced career prospects

Question 5

The process by which individuals learn and internalize social norms and values is known as:

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Acculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Conformity

Question 6

The concept of "subcultural deviance" suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Deviance is relative to the specific cultural context.

Answer

Deviant behavior is the same across all cultures.

Answer

All cultures have the same norms and values.

Answer

Deviance is only found in marginalized groups.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between social deviance and mental illness?

Accepted Answer

Social deviance is defined by cultural norms.

Answer

Social deviance is always intentional.

Answer

Mental illness is always a biological condition.

Answer

Mental illness is always more severe than social deviance.

Question 8

The "broken windows" theory of crime prevention suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Fixing broken windows can reduce crime rates.

Answer

Increased police presence is the most effective way to prevent crime.

Answer

Social programs are more effective than law enforcement in reducing crime.

Answer

Criminals are born, not made.

Question 9

How does socialization shape a person's sense of self?

Accepted Answer

Socialization teaches us society's values and norms, influencing how we see ourselves and act.

Answer

Socialization only affects our actions, not how we see ourselves.

Answer

Our sense of self comes entirely from within and is not affected by socialization.

Answer

Socialization stops in childhood and doesn't affect our sense of self as adults.

Question 10

How does social class affect the likelihood of engaging in deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Individuals from lower social classes are more likely to engage in deviant behavior due to economic inequality, limited access to resources, and social marginalization.

Answer

There is no relationship between social class and deviant behavior.

Answer

Individuals from higher social classes are more likely to engage in deviant behavior due to boredom and lack of purpose.

Question 11

Analyze the ethical concerns associated with labeling individuals as deviant. Consider the potential risks of stigmatization, discrimination, and the emergence of self-fulfilling prophecies.

Accepted Answer

Labeling individuals as deviant can contribute to self-fulfilling prophecies, shaping their self-perception and behavior to align with the label.

Answer

Labeling should be avoided at all costs due to its consistently negative consequences.

Answer

Labeling may have negative effects, but its potential to raise awareness and drive social change outweighs these concerns.

Answer

Ethical considerations regarding labeling should only be applied to serious criminal cases.

Question 12

According to symbolic interaction theory, individuals acquire the meanings of symbols and gestures through:

Accepted Answer

Observation and imitation

Answer

Direct instruction

Answer

Trial and error

Answer

Instinctive responses

Question 13

Labeling theory suggests that society contributes to the creation of deviance primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Defining certain behaviors as deviant

Answer

Punishing deviant behavior

Answer

Rewarding deviant behavior

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Ignoring deviant behavior

Question 14

Control theory, a sociological theory of deviance, emphasizes the role of:

Accepted Answer

Social bonds and constraints

Answer

Biological factors

Answer

Psychological factors

Answer

Peer pressure

Question 15

According to Robert Merton's strain theory, deviance arises when there is a:

Accepted Answer

Gap between cultural goals and legitimate means to achieve them

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Lack of social support

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Presence of psychological disorders

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Influence of mass media

Question 16

Folk crime, a type of deviance that is accepted or even encouraged in certain social contexts, is best exemplified by:

Accepted Answer

Shoplifting small items from a convenience store

Answer

Stealing from a large corporation

Answer

Unauthorized use of copyrighted material

Answer

Speeding on the highway

Question 17

Subcultural theory, as proposed by Albert Cohen, explains the development of deviant behavior as a result of:

Accepted Answer

Frustration and anger caused by social inequality

Answer

Biological predispositions

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Exposure to violence and trauma

Answer

Lack of parental supervision

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an essential factor in the process of socialization?

Accepted Answer

Government

Answer

Family

Answer

Peers

Answer

Media

Question 19

The process through which individuals adopt and internalize social norms and values is known as:

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Enculturation

Answer

Acculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Question 20

According to labeling theory, deviance is:

Accepted Answer

A behavior that is considered deviant by a particular group

Answer

A behavior that violates established social norms

Answer

A behavior that results in negative consequences for society

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A behavior that is rooted in biological or psychological factors

Question 21

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to cultural variations in defining and responding to deviance?

Accepted Answer

Geographic location

Answer

Religious beliefs

Answer

Economic conditions

Answer

Political ideology

Question 22

Which fundamental principle in the process of socialization plays a critical role in shaping deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social norms and values

Answer

Peer group influences

Answer

Individual resilience factors

Answer

Biological predispositions

Question 23

According to differential association theory, what is considered the primary cause of deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Direct exposure to deviant individuals

Answer

Lack of parental supervision

Answer

Genetic inheritance

Answer

Environmental stressors

Question 24

What is the central idea behind labeling theory in explaining deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

It highlights the significant impact of societal reactions on individuals labeled as deviant

Answer

It suggests that deviance is an inherent characteristic of individuals

Answer

It focuses on the role of social exclusion in creating deviant behavior

Answer

It views deviant behavior as a form of social protest

Question 25

Examine the effectiveness of the death penalty as a deterrent to deviant behavior. Consider its ethical implications and potential unintended consequences.

Accepted Answer

Ineffective at deterring crime, violates human rights, and perpetuates racial disparities in its application.

Answer

Acts as an effective deterrent to crime and reduces crime rates.

Answer

A necessary and just punishment for the most severe crimes.

Question 26

Which theory of deviance posits that deviant behavior results from labeling by others?

Accepted Answer

Labeling theory

Answer

Social control theory

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Functionalist theory

Question 27

According to strain theory, deviance arises from:

Accepted Answer

Social inequality and blocked opportunities

Answer

Mental illness and genetic factors

Answer

Social control and labeling

Answer

Cultural transmission and learning

Question 28

Social control theories of deviance emphasize the significance of:

Accepted Answer

Social bonds and attachments

Answer

Labeling and stigmatization

Answer

Social inequality and anomie

Answer

Genetic predispositions and mental illness

Question 29

Anomie, as defined by Durkheim, refers to:

Accepted Answer

A state of normlessness and social disorganization

Answer

A high level of social control

Answer

A belief in the inherent goodness of human nature

Answer

A lack of collective consciousness

Question 30

A criticism of labeling theory is that it:

Accepted Answer

Ignores the role of individual agency in deviance

Answer

Overemphasizes the power of social labels

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Suggests that all deviant behavior is harmful

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Is difficult to operationalize and test empirically

Question 31

In what ways does socialization contribute to the shaping of social norms?

Accepted Answer

By imparting values and norms to individuals

Answer

By solely enforcing conformity to norms through punishments

Answer

By creating societal norms independently of individual experiences

Question 32

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between socialization and social deviance?

Accepted Answer

Socialization can both promote and hinder social deviance.

Answer

Socialization is the process by which individuals learn to conform to social expectations.

Answer

Social deviance is solely the result of faulty socialization.

Answer

Socialization and social deviance are entirely unrelated.

Question 33

Which of the following is a primary mechanism of socialization?

Accepted Answer

Imitation and modeling

Answer

Negative reinforcement

Answer

Government regulations

Answer

Peer pressure

Question 34

The theory of labeling suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Labels can shape and reinforce deviant identities.

Answer

Deviant behavior is solely determined by labels.

Answer

Labels are always accurate and reflect true behavior.

Answer

Deviance is a fixed and unchanging characteristic.

Question 35

The 'strain theory' of deviance proposes that:

Accepted Answer

Deviance is caused by the gap between social expectations and the means to achieve them.

Answer

Deviance is a result of weak social bonds.

Answer

Deviance is caused by a lack of self-control.

Answer

Deviance is primarily motivated by the desire for immediate gratification.

Question 36

The process by which individuals learn to conform to social expectations is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Deviance

Answer

Control

Answer

Labeling

Question 37

How does the theory of 'subcultural deviance' challenge the traditional definition of deviant behavior, and what are its implications for understanding and responding to deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

It challenges the idea that deviant behavior is always negative.

Answer

It suggests that all deviant behavior is harmful or disruptive.

Answer

It emphasizes the role of individual pathology as the root cause of deviance.

Answer

It makes social control measures less effective.

Question 38

How does restorative justice differ from traditional punitive approaches in handling deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Involves the victim, offender, and community in finding a solution

Answer

Emphasizes punishment and retribution

Question 39

Which of the following is considered the most influential agent of socialization?

Accepted Answer

Family

Answer

School

Answer

Media

Answer

Peers

Question 40

The process by which individuals learn and internalize social norms and values is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Enculturation

Answer

Acculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of socialization?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging non-conformity

Answer

Controlling behavior

Answer

Providing a sense of identity

Answer

Transmitting cultural values

Question 42

Which sociological theory emphasizes the role of social inequality and power dynamics in the formation of deviance?

Accepted Answer

Conflict Theory

Answer

Functionalist Theory

Answer

Symbolic Interactionist Theory

Answer

Social Learning Theory

Question 43

The act of applying a deviant label to an individual or group is known as:

Accepted Answer

Social labeling

Answer

Social control

Answer

Social stigma

Answer

Social deviance

Question 44

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of primary deviance?

Accepted Answer

Generally viewed as a minor violation of social norms

Answer

Leads to permanent social exclusion

Answer

Involves serious criminal acts

Answer

Is often tolerated or even encouraged in certain subcultures

Question 45

Which perspective views deviance as a natural and even necessary part of 사회 and serves several positive functions?

Accepted Answer

Functionalist perspective

Answer

Conflict perspective

Answer

Symbolic Interactionist perspective

Answer

Social Learning perspective

Question 46

According to symbolic interaction theory, the self is shaped through:

Accepted Answer

Interactions with others

Answer

Biological instincts

Answer

Cultural conditioning

Answer

Psychoanalytic processes

Question 47

Social norms are:

Accepted Answer

Unwritten rules that guide behavior in a society

Answer

Moral principles that guide ethical conduct

Answer

Written laws enforced by the government

Answer

Cultural values that shape beliefs

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of a positive deviation?

Accepted Answer

Developing a new technology

Answer

Using illegal drugs

Answer

Stealing from a store

Answer

Committing violence

Question 49

According to labeling theory, deviance is:

Accepted Answer

Created through societal reactions to behavior

Answer

Inherent in certain individuals

Answer

A product of socialization

Answer

Determined by biological factors

Question 50

Which of the following is a factor that can contribute to socialization into criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Negative peer influence

Answer

Effective education

Answer

Positive role models

Answer

Strong family values

Question 51

According to social control theory, individuals are most likely to conform to social norms when they:

Accepted Answer

Have strong social bonds

Answer

Are highly deviant

Answer

Have low self-esteem

Answer

Lack opportunity to deviate

Question 52

Which of the following is a primary function of socialization?

Accepted Answer

Teaching individuals how to behave in society

Answer

Enforcing social norms

Answer

Preventing crime

Question 53

According to rational choice theory, individuals engage in deviance because they:

Accepted Answer

Calculate the potential rewards and consequences of their actions

Answer

Are victims of oppression

Answer

Have emotional instability

Answer

Are coerced by others