Intergroup Relations: Understanding Group Interactions in Psychology

Question 1

What is the term used to describe the tendency to favor one's own group over others, often leading to negative attitudes towards outsiders?

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism

Answer

Xenophobia

Answer

Racism

Answer

Sexism

Question 2

What is the primary goal of discrimination, which involves treating individuals unequally based on their group membership?

Accepted Answer

To maintain existing social hierarchies and power structures

Answer

To protect society from perceived threats and ensure safety

Answer

To promote equality among different groups and foster inclusivity

Answer

To reduce intergroup conflict and tensions

Question 3

What is the role of self-categorization in shaping intergroup relations?

Accepted Answer

It creates a sense of belonging and shared identity within one's own group

Answer

It reduces the likelihood of bias and prejudice towards other groups

Answer

It increases intergroup conflict and competition

Answer

It does not play a significant role in intergroup relations

Question 4

Analyze the impact of implicit biases on the persistence of prejudice and discrimination. Provide specific examples to support your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Implicit biases can lead to discriminatory behavior even when individuals have no conscious intent to discriminate.

Answer

Implicit biases have a negligible effect on the perpetuation of prejudice and discrimination.

Answer

Implicit biases exclusively affect individuals from marginalized groups.

Answer

Implicit biases can be effortlessly overcome through conscious effort.

Question 5

How do socio-economic factors like poverty, inequality, and social exclusion contribute to conflict between different groups?

Accepted Answer

Competition for limited resources and opportunities

Answer

Cultural differences and misunderstandings

Answer

Political ideologies and conflicting beliefs

Question 6

How does culture influence prejudice and intergroup relations?

Accepted Answer

Culture can teach us to view other groups negatively, leading to prejudice and biased behavior.

Answer

Cultural values and beliefs have little impact on how we perceive other groups.

Question 7

Which of the following psychological processes is a key contributor to prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping

Answer

Attribution theory

Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

The fundamental attribution error

Question 8

The 'contact hypothesis' proposes that:

Accepted Answer

Increased intergroup contact can decrease prejudice under certain conditions.

Answer

Prejudice is unavoidable in all intergroup relations.

Answer

Discrimination is always a byproduct of prejudice.

Answer

Social distance between groups cannot be reduced through contact.

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of ethnocentrism?

Accepted Answer

Perceiving one's culture as superior to others and judging other cultures based on its norms.

Answer

Recognizing and respecting diverse cultural perspectives.

Answer

Seeking commonalities and understanding among different groups.

Answer

Promoting inclusivity and empathy.

Question 10

What is the role of social categorization in shaping intergroup interactions?

Accepted Answer

It simplifies social interactions by grouping people into categories.

Answer

It fosters empathy and understanding between different groups.

Answer

It necessarily leads to prejudice and discrimination.

Answer

It has no significant impact on intergroup relations.

Question 11

What is the fundamental goal of intergroup conflict resolution?

Accepted Answer

To find mutually acceptable solutions and promote understanding between groups.

Answer

To establish dominance and defeat one group.

Answer

To punish individuals responsible for initiating the conflict.

Answer

To prolong the conflict indefinitely.

Question 12

Which of the following is a benefit of diversity?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced creativity and innovation due to diverse perspectives.

Answer

Reduced economic inequality.

Answer

Lower crime rates.

Answer

Improved physical health outcomes.

Question 13

What is the significance of empathy in reducing prejudice?

Accepted Answer

It allows individuals to better understand the perspectives and experiences of others.

Answer

It eliminates negative stereotypes and biases.

Answer

It guarantees positive intergroup relations.

Answer

It has no significant impact on prejudice.

Question 14

Which of the following strategies has been shown to be effective in promoting intergroup harmony?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging positive intergroup interactions and collaborations.

Answer

Punishing individuals for prejudice and discrimination.

Answer

Ignoring cultural differences and promoting assimilation.

Answer

Segregating groups to prevent conflict.

Question 15

Which of the following factors does NOT typically contribute to intergroup conflict?

Accepted Answer

Positive interdependence between groups

Answer

Perceived differences between groups

Answer

Competition for resources

Answer

Lack of communication between groups

Question 16

The psychological tendency for individuals to favor their own group over other groups is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Ingroup favoritism

Answer

Out-group prejudice

Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

Stereotyping

Question 17

Which concept describes the process of reducing negative attitudes and behaviors towards individuals or groups outside of one's own?

Accepted Answer

Prejudice reduction

Answer

Reconciliation

Answer

Integration

Answer

Assimilation

Question 18

The contact hypothesis suggests that positive intergroup relations can be promoted through:

Accepted Answer

Meaningful and extended contact between different group members

Answer

Emphasizing the differences between groups

Answer

Encouraging negative stereotypes about out-groups

Answer

Segregating different groups from one another

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of institutional discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Denying loans to certain individuals based on their race

Answer

Making hiring decisions based on qualifications

Answer

Using racial slurs or engaging in other forms of verbal abuse

Answer

Holding negative attitudes towards individuals from a particular group

Question 20

According to intergroup conflict theory, which of the following factors is most likely to increase the likelihood of conflict between two groups?

Accepted Answer

Distinct social identities

Answer

Similar values and beliefs

Answer

Frequent and positive interactions

Answer

Shared goals and objectives

Question 21

How do emotions like fear, anger, and anxiety contribute to the escalation of tensions between different groups?

Accepted Answer

Emotions can make intergroup conflict worse by creating a cycle of fear, negative stereotypes, and hostility.

Answer

Emotions are not important in intergroup conflict because they are personal and subjective.

Answer

Fear, anger, and anxiety can help groups understand each other better and work together.

Answer

Emotions don't have much impact on intergroup conflict because people make decisions based on logic.

Question 22

Which historical event is widely recognized as having a profound impact on the development of racial prejudice and discrimination in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The American Civil War

Answer

The French Revolution

Answer

The Industrial Revolution

Answer

World War II

Question 23

Which strategy is ineffective in fostering positive intergroup relations?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing stereotyping and prejudice

Answer

Educating about diversity and inclusion

Answer

Encouraging empathy-building exercises

Answer

Promoting community engagement and collaboration

Question 24

What is the term for the tendency to view one's own group as superior to others?

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism

Answer

Racism

Answer

Discrimination

Question 25

What is the process by which individuals learn to conform to the norms and values of a group?

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Acculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Question 26

What is the term for the process by which people from different groups come together and learn to appreciate each other's differences?

Accepted Answer

Integration

Answer

Acculturation

Answer

Diversity training

Question 27

What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the differences between one's own group and other groups?

Accepted Answer

Out-group homogeneity

Answer

In-group favoritism

Answer

Stereotyping

Question 28

Evaluate the effectiveness of legal and policy frameworks in addressing prejudice and discrimination. Discuss their strengths and limitations.

Accepted Answer

Effective in reducing overt prejudice and discrimination, but less effective in addressing subtle biases

Answer

Highly effective, eliminating most forms of prejudice and discrimination

Answer

Ineffective, as societal attitudes cannot be changed through legal means

Answer

Ineffective, as they may lead to reverse discrimination and backlash

Question 29

Examine a media portrayal of intergroup relations. Critically evaluate its potential impact on perceptions of a particular social group. Discuss the factors that influence these portrayals and the consequences they may have.

Accepted Answer

Media portrayals can reinforce stereotypes and biases, shaping perceptions of social groups.

Answer

Media portrayals have no influence on perceptions, as individuals form opinions based solely on personal experiences.

Answer

Media portrayals are always accurate and unbiased, providing a true representation of reality.

Answer

Media portrayals always have positive consequences, promoting understanding and empathy among different social groups.

Question 30

Which of the following is a potential positive outcome of intergroup contact and cooperation?

Accepted Answer

Increased intergroup empathy

Accepted Answer

Breaking down of stereotypes

Accepted Answer

Reduced intergroup conflict

Answer

Increased intergroup competition

Question 31

How does intergroup anxiety typically affect communication and cooperation between groups?

Accepted Answer

It hinders communication and undermines trust.

Answer

It encourages open communication and empathy.

Answer

It promotes cooperation and trust-building.

Answer

It helps resolve conflicts and build reconciliation.

Question 32

What is the term for the tendency to perceive members of one's own group more favorably than members of other groups?

Accepted Answer

In-group bias

Answer

Out-group bias

Answer

Conformity

Answer

Projection

Question 33

Which theory suggests that intergroup conflict is inevitable due to competition for limited resources?

Accepted Answer

Realistic Conflict Theory

Answer

Social Identity Theory

Answer

Terror Management Theory

Answer

Contact Hypothesis

Question 34

What is a key principle of the Contact Hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Intergroup contact can reduce prejudice under certain conditions

Answer

All intergroup contact is beneficial

Answer

Prejudice is an inevitable part of human nature

Answer

Discrimination is always the result of prejudice

Question 35

Which of the following is a key factor contributing to intergroup conflict?

Accepted Answer

Perceived differences between groups

Answer

Effective communication and empathy

Answer

Cooperation and positive interactions

Answer

Shared values and common goals

Question 36

What is the term for the tendency to favor one's own group over others?

Accepted Answer

In-group bias

Answer

Cognitive bias

Answer

Out-group favoritism

Answer

Social identity bias

Question 37

Which of the following is a consequence of prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Discrimination

Answer

Cooperation and understanding

Answer

Tolerance and acceptance

Answer

Empathy and compassion

Question 38

What is the primary goal of intergroup contact theory?

Accepted Answer

To reduce prejudice and discrimination

Answer

To promote social hierarchies

Answer

To reinforce cultural assimilation

Answer

To increase competition between groups

Question 39

Which of the following is a positive outcome of diversity?

Accepted Answer

Increased creativity and innovation

Answer

Diminished sense of community

Answer

Heightened social tensions

Answer

Reduced economic growth

Question 40

What is the role of empathy in intergroup relations?

Accepted Answer

It enables individuals to understand and share the feelings of others from different groups

Answer

It solely focuses on one's emotions

Answer

It can worsen intergroup conflict

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of a stereotype?

Accepted Answer

All members of a particular group share the same personality traits

Answer

Older adults tend to be wiser

Answer

Different cultures have unique perspectives

Answer

Some people are more intelligent than others

Question 42

What is the significance of power dynamics in intergroup relations?

Accepted Answer

They influence the distribution of resources, opportunities, and decision-making

Answer

They have no impact on intergroup interactions

Answer

They only affect relationships within groups

Question 43

Which of the following is a strategy for promoting intergroup harmony and cooperation?

Accepted Answer

Creating opportunities for positive and meaningful interactions between groups

Answer

Enforcing strict rules and punishments

Answer

Separating groups based on perceived differences

Question 44

What is the goal of intercultural competence?

Accepted Answer

To effectively communicate and interact with people from diverse cultural backgrounds

Answer

To impose one's own cultural values on others

Answer

To avoid contact with cultures different from one's own

Question 45

Which of the following is **NOT** a major type of intergroup prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Endogamy

Answer

Xenophobia

Answer

Racism

Answer

Sexism

Question 46

Which of the following theories suggests that prejudice and discrimination are primarily caused by competition for scarce resources?

Accepted Answer

Realistic Conflict Theory

Answer

Social Identity Theory

Answer

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Question 47

Which of the following is a key aspect of Allport's Contact Hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Equal-status contact between groups in cooperative settings

Answer

Negative evaluations of out-groups

Answer

Lack of communication between groups

Answer

Competition for resources

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy in intergroup relations?

Accepted Answer

Expecting a particular behavior from a group and treating them accordingly, leading to the behavior occurring.

Answer

Prejudiced attitudes persisting even when contradicted by positive experiences with out-group members.

Question 49

Which of the following is a benefit of diversity and inclusion in society?

Accepted Answer

Increased creativity and innovation

Answer

Reduced social cohesion

Answer

Increased prejudice and discrimination

Answer

Increased intergroup conflict

Question 50

Which of the following is a key principle of effective intergroup communication?

Accepted Answer

Active listening and empathy

Answer

Avoiding controversial topics

Answer

Focusing on differences rather than similarities

Answer

Using only formal language

Question 51

Which of the following interventions has been found to be effective in reducing prejudice and discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Cooperative learning experiences

Answer

Punishment for prejudiced behavior

Answer

Segregation of groups

Answer

Mandatory diversity training

Question 52

Which of the following is a potential consequence of unresolved intergroup conflict?

Accepted Answer

Violence and social unrest

Answer

Improved economic outcomes

Answer

Increased cooperation and understanding

Question 53

Which of the following factors can contribute to intergroup anxiety?

Accepted Answer

Fear of the unknown or unfamiliar

Answer

High levels of self-esteem

Answer

Positive intergroup experiences

Question 54

Which of the following is a key component of social identity theory?

Accepted Answer

Identification with social groups and the desire to maintain a positive self-concept through group membership

Answer

Prejudice as a result of direct contact with out-groups

Answer

Discrimination as a result of competition for resources