Infectious Diseases: Causes, Transmission, and Prevention

Question 1

What is a potential social consequence of infectious disease pandemics?

Accepted Answer

Increased social isolation

Answer

Improved access to healthcare

Answer

Increased economic activity

Question 2

When faced with a limited supply of vaccines, it's important to prioritize who gets them first. What factors should be considered when deciding who should receive priority access to vaccines?

Accepted Answer

Factors like age, health conditions, and job should be considered when prioritizing people for vaccines.

Answer

Only healthcare workers and people at high risk should get vaccines.

Answer

Vaccines should be given to people on a first-come, first-served basis.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a transmission mode for infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Airborne

Answer

Waterborne

Answer

Contact

Question 4

Which type of infectious disease has a rapid onset, short duration, and often causes fever?

Accepted Answer

Acute

Answer

Chronic

Answer

Latent

Answer

Subacute

Question 5

What is a key characteristic of viral infections?

Accepted Answer

They replicate inside host cells

Answer

They are typically treated with antibiotics

Answer

They always cause severe symptoms

Answer

They can only be transmitted through contact

Question 6

Which of the following diseases is an example of a zoonosis (animal-borne disease)?

Accepted Answer

Rabies

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Malaria

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 7

What is the primary mission of the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

To prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases globally

Answer

To provide universal access to vaccinations

Answer

To fund research and development of new drugs

Answer

To establish global health standards

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a method by which infectious diseases can be transmitted?

Accepted Answer

Through telepathic communication

Answer

Through the air (airborne transmission)

Answer

Through contact with contaminated water (waterborne transmission)

Answer

Through direct contact with an infected person or animal

Question 9

Which vaccine is used to prevent measles?

Accepted Answer

MMR vaccine

Answer

Polio vaccine

Answer

Tetanus vaccine

Answer

Hepatitis A vaccine

Question 10

What is the role of herd immunity in preventing the spread of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

It protects people even if they are not vaccinated or have not been exposed to the disease.

Answer

It prevents the disease from entering a population.

Answer

It treats individuals who have contracted the disease.

Answer

It does not play a significant role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases.

Question 11

How are endemic and epidemic diseases different?

Accepted Answer

An endemic disease is constantly present in a population, while an epidemic disease is a sudden increase in the number of cases.

Answer

An epidemic disease is constantly present in a population, while an endemic disease is a sudden increase in the number of cases.

Answer

Endemic diseases are more severe than epidemic diseases.

Answer

Epidemic diseases are more severe than endemic diseases.

Question 12

What is a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A microorganism that causes disease

Answer

A chemical that causes disease

Answer

A physical force that causes disease

Answer

A genetic defect that causes disease

Question 13

Which of the following is an emerging infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

HIV/AIDS

Answer

Seasonal flu

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Smallpox

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a primary mode of transmission for infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Direct genetic inheritance from parents

Answer

Contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces

Answer

Inhalation of airborne droplets or particles

Answer

Transmission by vectors, such as mosquitoes or ticks

Question 15

What is the term used to describe a disease that has recently emerged or reappeared after a period of absence?

Accepted Answer

Emerging or re-emerging infectious disease

Answer

Endemic

Answer

Pandemic

Answer

Epidemic

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom experienced in infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Elevated mood

Answer

Fever or chills

Answer

Cough or respiratory distress

Answer

Diarrhea or vomiting

Question 17

Which international organization is primarily responsible for coordinating global efforts against infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer

United Nations (UN)

Answer

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

Answer

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor for contracting an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Regular handwashing and proper hygiene practices

Answer

Exposure to infected people or contaminated environments

Answer

Weakened immune system due to illness or medications

Answer

Crowded living conditions

Question 19

What is the primary objective of public health measures in infectious disease control?

Accepted Answer

Preventing and controlling disease outbreaks

Answer

Treating individual cases of infection

Answer

Eradicating all infectious diseases globally

Answer

Identifying and monitoring potential threats

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Malaria

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Streptococcal pneumonia

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 21

Which transmission pathway is NOT a possible means of spreading infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Telepathy

Answer

Airborne

Answer

Foodborne

Answer

Contact with contaminated surfaces

Question 22

Which of the following descriptions accurately matches the concept of the chain of infection?

Accepted Answer

A series of steps involved in the spread of an infectious disease

Answer

A list of symptoms commonly associated with a specific infectious disease

Answer

A framework to guide the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases

Answer

A historical overview of different pandemics and their impact on society

Question 23

Which of the following is a typical symptom of respiratory infections?

Accepted Answer

Cough

Answer

Vomiting

Answer

Rash

Answer

Joint pain

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of vaccination?

Accepted Answer

Guaranteed elimination of all infectious diseases

Answer

Reduced risk of developing an infection

Answer

Protection against severe complications

Answer

Contribution to herd immunity

Question 25

What is the best definition of herd immunity?

Accepted Answer

A group's immunity to a disease, protecting even those not immune.

Answer

Natural resistance to a disease within a population.

Answer

An individual's ability to fight off a disease after exposure.

Answer

Using antibiotics to prevent disease spread.

Question 26

Which public health measure is most effective in preventing the spread of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Mandatory vaccination programs

Answer

Mass distribution of antibiotics

Answer

Public awareness campaigns

Answer

Travel restrictions

Question 27

Which of the following is a primary function of the immune system in fighting infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Producing antibodies to neutralize pathogens

Accepted Answer

Activating cells to engulf and destroy infected cells

Accepted Answer

Triggering inflammation to contain and limit infection

Answer

Regulating body temperature to inhibit pathogen growth

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a primary mode of transmission for infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to ionizing radiation

Answer

Direct contact with an infected person

Answer

Contact with contaminated surfaces or objects

Answer

Inhalation of airborne particles

Question 29

The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, such as antibiotic-resistant bacteria, is a major public health concern because it:

Accepted Answer

Increases the difficulty of treating infections

Answer

Makes infections more contagious

Answer

Reduces the effectiveness of preventive measures

Answer

Has no significant impact on public health

Question 30

Hand hygiene is a crucial measure for preventing the spread of infectious diseases because it:

Accepted Answer

Eliminates microorganisms from the hands through mechanical action

Answer

Prevents the spread of respiratory droplets through hand-to-face contact

Answer

Boosts the immune system's ability to fight infection

Answer

Disinfects surfaces and objects

Question 31

Infectious diseases can have significant impacts on the human body. Which of the following best describes the potential effects and complications of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Systemic effects, potentially leading to organ damage and even life-threatening complications

Answer

Localized infection only, without any broader consequences

Answer

Complete and permanent cure with antibiotics, without any potential long-term effects

Question 32

Which of the following is not a recognized mode of disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

Telepathic transmission

Answer

Waterborne transmission

Answer

Foodborne transmission

Answer

Animal-to-human transmission

Question 33

What is the primary objective of quarantine measures in controlling infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

To isolate infected individuals from the healthy population

Answer

To eliminate the disease agent

Answer

To develop a cure for the disease

Answer

To provide treatment for all infected individuals

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of an emerging infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Zika virus

Answer

Measles

Answer

Streptococcus

Answer

Cholera

Question 35

What is the main function of vaccines in preventing infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

They introduce a weakened or inactivated form of the pathogen to stimulate immunity

Answer

They kill all pathogens in the body

Answer

They provide lifelong protection against all diseases

Answer

They eliminate the need for antibiotics

Question 36

Which of the following is a common symptom of a respiratory infection?

Accepted Answer

Runny nose

Answer

Fever

Answer

Skin rash

Answer

Nausea

Question 37

What is the key difference between viruses and bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Viruses are smaller and require a host cell to reproduce, while bacteria are larger and can reproduce independently

Answer

Bacteria are smaller and require a host cell to reproduce, while viruses are larger and can reproduce independently

Answer

Viruses contain RNA, while bacteria contain DNA

Answer

Bacteria contain RNA, while viruses contain DNA

Question 38

Which of the following diseases is classified as zoonotic?

Accepted Answer

Lyme disease

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Malaria

Answer

HIV/AIDS

Question 39

What is the main role of contact tracing in controlling infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Identifying and monitoring individuals who have been in contact with infected persons

Answer

Providing treatment for all contacts of infected individuals

Answer

Developing a cure for the disease

Answer

Eliminating the disease from the population

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission for infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Mental communication

Answer

Waterborne

Answer

Airborne

Answer

Vector-borne

Question 41

The incubation period of an infectious disease refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Time between exposure to the pathogen and the appearance of symptoms

Answer

Time between infection and recovery

Answer

Time between symptoms and diagnosis

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of an emerging infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

Answer

Malaria

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 43

Which of the following is a characteristic of a pandemic?

Accepted Answer

Global spread of a disease affecting numerous countries

Answer

High mortality rate

Answer

Only affects a specific population group

Answer

Sudden onset

Question 44

What is the role of antibiotics in treating infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Target and destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria

Answer

Reduce fever and inflammation

Answer

Prevent the spread of infection

Answer

Boost the immune system

Question 45

Which of the following is a zoonotic disease?

Accepted Answer

Lyme disease

Answer

Hepatitis A

Answer

HIV/AIDS

Answer

Influenza

Question 46

What is the difference between an endemic and an epidemic?

Accepted Answer

An endemic disease is constantly present in a population at a specific level, while an epidemic is a sudden increase in the incidence of a disease beyond the expected level

Answer

An endemic disease is more severe than an epidemic

Question 47

Which of the following factors can significantly influence the severity of an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Age, immune status, nutritional status, and underlying health conditions

Answer

Only age

Answer

Only underlying health conditions

Answer

Only immune status

Question 48

What is the primary objective of infection control practices in healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

To minimize the risk of transmission of infections and protect patients, healthcare workers, and visitors

Answer

To cure infections

Answer

To identify infected individuals

Question 49

A microorganism that causes disease is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Pathogen

Answer

Vaccine

Answer

Antibiotic

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for preventing the spread of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Using antibiotics excessively

Answer

Getting vaccinated

Answer

Practicing good hand hygiene

Answer

Covering coughs and sneezes

Question 51

The body's primary defense against pathogens and infection is the:

Accepted Answer

Immune system

Answer

Respiratory system

Answer

Integumentary system

Answer

Endocrine system

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of an emerging infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

SARS

Answer

Chickenpox

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Hepatitis A

Question 53

Public health surveillance is important for controlling infectious diseases by:

Accepted Answer

Tracking disease patterns and enabling early detection of outbreaks

Answer

Developing new antibiotics

Answer

Publicizing information about disease prevention

Question 54

Which of the following is a major factor contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance?

Accepted Answer

Inappropriate use or overuse of antibiotics

Answer

Stronger immune systems

Answer

Insufficient sanitation

Answer

Increased vaccination rates

Question 55

Distinguish among endemic, epidemic, and pandemic:

Accepted Answer

Endemic is a disease constantly present in a population, epidemic is a sudden increase in cases, and pandemic is a global outbreak

Answer

Endemic is a disease that affects all age groups, epidemic is a disease that affects only children, and pandemic is a disease that affects only the elderly

Question 56

A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Zoonosis

Answer

Endemic disease

Answer

Chronic disease

Question 57

Malaria is an example of a disease transmitted by:

Accepted Answer

Mosquitoes

Answer

Contaminated food

Answer

Airborne droplets

Answer

Direct contact