Hair Structure and Anatomy: Master the Basics of Hair Science

Question 1

Which layer is NOT part of the hair shaft?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Cortex

Answer

Medulla

Question 2

Which layer of the hair shaft is made up of tightly packed, overlapping scales that shield the hair from damage?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Cortex

Question 3

What is a structural component of the hair shaft?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Elastin

Answer

Melanin

Question 4

Which part of the hair shaft is primarily responsible for its color and texture?

Accepted Answer

Cortex

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Follicle

Answer

Cuticle

Question 5

What is the main structural protein found in hair?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Hemoglobin

Answer

Melanin

Answer

Collagen

Question 6

Which layer of the hair shaft is responsible for providing protection and waterproofing?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Follicle

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Cortex

Question 7

What is the name of the central, air-filled core of the hair shaft?

Accepted Answer

Medulla

Answer

Root

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Cortex

Question 8

What is the gland that produces sebum called?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Answer

Oil gland

Answer

Hair follicle

Answer

Sweat gland

Question 9

Which type of hair is usually the finest and most susceptible to damage?

Accepted Answer

Vellus hair

Answer

Lanugo hair

Answer

Intermediate hair

Answer

Terminal hair

Question 10

What is the function of melanin in hair?

Accepted Answer

Provides color and UV protection

Answer

Produces sebum

Answer

Provides strength and elasticity

Answer

Regulates hair growth

Question 11

What is the optimal pH range for maintaining healthy hair?

Accepted Answer

4.5 - 5.5

Answer

9.0 - 10.0

Answer

6.0 - 7.0

Answer

7.5 - 8.5

Question 12

Which layer of the hair shaft is composed of tightly packed, overlapping scales that protect the inner layers?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Cortex

Answer

Epidermis

Answer

Medulla

Question 13

What is the fibrous protein that gives hair its strength and flexibility?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Elastin

Answer

Myosin

Answer

Collagen

Question 14

Which layer of the hair shaft contains melanin, the pigment responsible for hair color, and determines the shade and tone of the hair?

Accepted Answer

Cortex

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Epidermis

Answer

Cuticle

Question 15

What is the honeycomb-like, central region of the hair shaft that is responsible for insulation and air circulation within the hair fiber?

Accepted Answer

Medulla

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Matrix

Answer

Cortex

Question 16

Which type of hair shaft is the finest, shortest, and least visible, often found on the face and body?

Accepted Answer

Vellus

Answer

Terminal

Answer

Lanugo

Answer

Guard

Question 17

What is the active growth phase of the hair follicle when the hair shaft is produced?

Accepted Answer

Anagen

Answer

Telogen

Answer

Exogen

Answer

Catagen

Question 18

Which layer of the hair shaft provides the majority of its strength, elasticity, and resistance to breakage?

Accepted Answer

Cortex

Answer

Hypodermis

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Cuticle

Question 19

What is the primary function of the cuticle layer of the hair shaft?

Accepted Answer

Protection

Answer

Pigmentation

Answer

Strength

Answer

Elasticity

Question 20

Which layer of the hair shaft acts as a protective barrier?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Cortex

Question 21

Identify the primary structural protein in hair.

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Melanin

Answer

Elastin

Question 22

Which part of the hair is characterized by air-filled pockets?

Accepted Answer

Medulla

Answer

Cortex

Answer

Root

Answer

Cuticle

Question 23

Which chemical treatment can permanently alter the hair's shape?

Accepted Answer

Perm

Answer

Hairspray

Answer

Gel

Answer

Conditioner

Question 24

What pigment is responsible for hair color?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Answer

Chlorophyll

Answer

Hemoglobin

Answer

Keratin

Question 25

Which hair type has the strongest cuticle?

Accepted Answer

Virgin hair

Answer

Bleached hair

Answer

Dyed hair

Question 26

Which layer of the hair shaft provides its protective covering and determines its color?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Inner root sheath

Answer

Cortex

Answer

Medulla

Question 27

What is the fibrous protein that constitutes the primary structural component of hair?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Elastin

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Myosin

Question 28

Which layer of the hair shaft contains air pockets and contributes to hair insulation?

Accepted Answer

Medulla

Answer

Cortex

Answer

Endocuticle

Answer

Cuticle

Question 29

Which of the following factors has no influence on hair texture?

Accepted Answer

Exercise patterns

Answer

Environmental conditions

Answer

Genetics

Answer

Hair care practices

Question 30

What is the primary function of the cuticle layer of the hair shaft?

Accepted Answer

To shield the inner layers from damage and regulate moisture

Answer

To insulate the hair shaft

Answer

To determine hair color and texture

Answer

To transmit nutrients to the hair follicle

Question 31

Which hair growth phase is characterized by active hair shaft production?

Accepted Answer

Anagen

Answer

Telogen

Answer

Catagen

Answer

Exogen

Question 32

Which of the following disorders primarily affects the structure of the hair shaft, leading to weakened and brittle hair?

Accepted Answer

Trichorrhexis nodosa

Answer

Alopecia areata

Answer

Psoriasis

Answer

Eczema

Question 33

What is the function of the keratinocyte in hair growth?

Accepted Answer

Synthesize keratin, the main structural protein of hair

Answer

Regulate the duration of the hair growth cycle

Answer

Protect the hair shaft from damage

Answer

Transport nutrients to the hair follicle

Question 34

Which layer of the hair shaft is primarily responsible for hair color and texture?

Accepted Answer

Cortex

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Root

Answer

Medulla

Question 35

Which part of the hair is responsible for nourishing the hair shaft and providing nutrients for growth?

Accepted Answer

Root

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Cortex

Question 36

The outermost protective layer of the hair shaft is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Cortex

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Follicle

Question 37

Which layer of the hair shaft contains air pockets, giving hair its insulating properties?

Accepted Answer

Medulla

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Root

Answer

Cortex

Question 38

Melanin, the pigment responsible for hair color, is produced by cells called:

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Answer

Sebocytes

Answer

Fibroblasts

Answer

Keratinocytes

Question 39

The gland responsible for secreting sebum to lubricate the hair and scalp is called the:

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Answer

Sweat gland

Answer

Apocrine gland

Answer

Eccrine gland

Question 40

Which layer of the hair shaft contributes the most to its strength and flexibility?

Accepted Answer

Cortex

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Root

Question 41

Hair is produced by specialized cells known as:

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes

Answer

Melanocytes

Answer

Sebocytes

Answer

Fibroblasts

Question 42

Which layer of the hair shaft provides strength, elasticity, and is responsible for hair color?

Accepted Answer

Cortex

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Hair Shaft

Question 43

What is the main protein that makes up hair?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Elastin

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Melanin

Question 44

Which layer of the hair shaft is primarily responsible for protecting the hair from damage?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Cortex

Answer

Bulb

Answer

Medulla

Question 45

Which part of the hair contains actively dividing cells responsible for hair growth?

Accepted Answer

Hair bulb

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Hair shaft

Question 46

What factor primarily determines the natural shape (straight, curly, wavy) of hair?

Accepted Answer

Shape of the hair follicle

Answer

Presence or absence of the medulla

Answer

Amount of melanin in the cortex

Answer

Thickness of the cuticle

Question 47

Which layer of the hair shaft is primarily affected in cases of split ends?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Hair Shaft

Answer

Cortex

Answer

Medulla

Question 48

What pigment gives hair its natural color?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Answer

Keratin

Answer

Sebum

Answer

Collagen

Question 49

Which layer of the hair shaft is primarily affected by chemical treatments like hair coloring and perming?

Accepted Answer

Cortex

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Hair Shaft

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hair cuticle?

Accepted Answer

Producing melanin

Answer

Protecting the cortex

Answer

Reflecting light

Answer

Preventing breakage

Question 51

Understanding the role of keratin in hair is important for cosmetologists because it enables them to:

Accepted Answer

Recommend suitable hair care products and treatments based on hair type.

Answer

Accurately trim split ends

Answer

Predict a client's hair growth rate