Inflammation: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Question 1

A patient presents with localized redness, swelling, and pain in their ankle after twisting it. Which of the following is this most likely due to?

Accepted Answer

Acute inflammation

Answer

Allergic reaction

Answer

Chronic inflammation

Answer

Autoimmune response

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Numbness

Answer

Swelling

Answer

Redness

Answer

Heat

Question 3

The release of which mediator during inflammation leads to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Answer

Constriction

Answer

Suppressin

Question 4

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis experiences persistent inflammation in their joints. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Chronic inflammation

Answer

Acute inflammation

Answer

Sterile inflammation

Answer

Septic inflammation

Question 5

Which type of inflammatory cell is primarily responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Eosinophils

Answer

Mast cells

Question 6

A patient is experiencing inflammation due to a viral infection. Which of the following is likely to be elevated in their blood?

Accepted Answer

Interferons

Answer

Complement proteins

Answer

Histamine

Answer

Prostaglandins

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between the inflammatory response to bacterial and viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial infections typically trigger a stronger neutrophil response.

Answer

Bacterial infections do not cause inflammation.

Answer

Viral infections are always more severe.

Question 8

A patient with a chronic inflammatory condition is prescribed corticosteroids. Which of the following is the primary aim of this treatment?

Accepted Answer

To suppress the immune response and reduce inflammation.

Answer

To promote tissue repair.

Answer

To enhance the immune response.

Question 9

Which diagnostic tool is most likely to be used to confirm a suspected case of inflammatory bowel disease?

Accepted Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

Blood pressure measurement

Answer

X-ray of the chest

Answer

Electrocardiogram

Question 10

A patient presents with systemic inflammation and fever. Which condition is this a hallmark of?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Chronic inflammation

Answer

Allergic reaction

Answer

Local inflammation

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Painlessness

Answer

Heat

Answer

Swelling

Answer

Redness

Question 12

Which type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for phagocytosing pathogens during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Basophil

Answer

Eosinophil

Answer

Lymphocyte

Question 13

Which of the following cytokines is a key mediator of the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)

Answer

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)

Answer

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

Answer

Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

Question 14

What is the primary function of prostaglandins in inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation and pain signaling

Answer

Preventing blood clot formation

Answer

Inhibiting inflammation

Answer

Promoting tissue repair

Question 15

Which of the following is a common cause of chronic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune disease

Answer

Acute trauma

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Allergic reaction

Question 16

Which of the following drugs is commonly used to treat inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

Answer

Chemotherapy agent

Answer

Antihistamine

Answer

Antibiotic

Question 17

Which of the following is a potential complication of uncontrolled inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Anaphylaxis

Answer

Eczema

Answer

Asthma

Question 18

What is the term for the localized accumulation of pus due to inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Abscess

Answer

Edema

Answer

Ulcer

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Redness

Answer

Edema

Answer

Heat

Question 20

Which type of inflammation is characterized by the presence of pus?

Accepted Answer

Suppurative inflammation

Answer

Catarrhal inflammation

Answer

Interstitial inflammation

Answer

Ulcerative inflammation

Question 21

Which of the following is a major mediator of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Endorphin

Answer

Insulin

Question 22

What is the primary function of neutrophils in the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of bacteria

Answer

Immune surveillance

Answer

Tissue repair

Answer

Antibody production

Question 23

What is the goal of anti-inflammatory therapy?

Accepted Answer

To reduce pain, swelling, and inflammation

Answer

To promote healing

Answer

To enhance immune function

Answer

To prevent infection

Question 24

Which of the following is a major systemic effect of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Answer

Muscle atrophy

Answer

Blood clotting

Answer

Bone resorption

Question 25

What is the role of cytokines in inflammation?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the inflammatory response

Answer

To enhance immune surveillance

Answer

To destroy pathogens

Answer

To promote healing

Question 26

Which of the following is a type of chronic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Answer

Acute inflammation

Answer

Subacute inflammation

Answer

Interstitial inflammation

Question 27

What is the primary function of macrophages in inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of pathogens

Answer

Antigen presentation

Answer

Release of inflammatory mediators

Answer

Tissue repair

Question 28

Which of the following is a common symptom of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Pain

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Hyperglycemia

Question 29

What is the name of the process by which neutrophils adhere to the endothelium of blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Margination

Answer

Diapedesis

Answer

Opsonization

Answer

Chemotaxis

Question 30

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing chronic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Answer

Exposure to allergens

Answer

Acute trauma

Answer

Viral infection

Question 31

What is the purpose of anti-inflammatory medications?

Accepted Answer

To reduce inflammation and its symptoms

Answer

To stimulate the immune system

Answer

To prevent infection

Answer

To relieve pain

Question 32

Which of the following cytokines is responsible for initiating the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-1

Answer

Interleukin-2

Answer

Interleukin-6

Question 33

Which of the following is a primary mediator of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Cytokines

Answer

Enzymes

Answer

Antibodies

Answer

Hormones

Question 34

What is the cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Pain

Answer

Swelling

Answer

Fever

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a type of inflammatory cell?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocyte

Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Macrophage

Answer

Monocyte

Question 36

What is the function of prostaglandins in inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation and pain

Answer

Tissue repair

Answer

Anti-inflammation

Answer

Immunosuppression

Question 37

Which of the following is a mechanism of resolution of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis of neutrophils

Answer

Recruitment of additional inflammatory cells

Answer

Release of anti-inflammatory mediators

Answer

Increased production of inflammatory cytokines

Question 38

What is the role of the complement system in inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization of pathogens

Answer

Production of antibodies

Answer

Regulation of inflammatory response

Answer

Activation of neutrophils

Question 39

Which of the following is a chronic inflammatory disease?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer

Acute bronchitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Appendicitis

Question 40

What is the main purpose of anti-inflammatory drugs?

Accepted Answer

To reduce inflammation and its symptoms

Answer

To boost the immune system

Answer

To kill bacteria

Answer

To prevent tissue damage

Question 41

Which of the following factors can contribute to systemic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Answer

Adequate sleep

Answer

Exercise

Answer

Healthy diet

Question 42

What is the role of macrophages in inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of pathogens and debris

Answer

Release of histamine

Answer

Recruitment of neutrophils

Answer

Production of cytokines

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Itching

Answer

Swelling

Answer

Redness

Answer

Pain

Question 44

Select the cell type that is primarily responsible for the release of histamine, a mediator involved in the inflammatory response.

Accepted Answer

Mast Cell

Answer

Macrophage

Answer

Neutrophil

Question 45

Which of the following is a common symptom of acute inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Depression

Question 46

What type of inflammation is characterized by a prolonged duration, involving the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Chronic Inflammation

Answer

Acute Inflammation

Answer

Subacute Inflammation

Question 47

Which diagnostic approach is used to differentiate acute from chronic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Histological analysis

Answer

Medical history review

Answer

Clinical examination

Answer

Blood test

Question 48

How does the inflammatory process promote the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of injury?

Accepted Answer

By increasing vascular permeability and expression of adhesion molecules

Answer

By activating the complement system

Answer

By releasing chemokines and cytokines

Question 49

Which of the following is a major anti-inflammatory cytokine?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-10

Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Answer

Interferon-gamma

Answer

Interleukin-1

Question 50

What is the primary role of macrophages in the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of pathogens and debris

Answer

Tissue repair

Answer

Antigen presentation

Answer

Release of inflammatory mediators

Question 51

Which of the following is a potential complication of chronic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Tissue fibrosis

Answer

Cancer

Answer

Infection

Answer

Autoimmune disease

Question 52

How does inflammation contribute to the healing process?

Accepted Answer

By removing damaged tissue, providing nutrients, and promoting tissue regeneration

Answer

By preventing infection

Answer

By reducing pain