Common Childhood Illnesses: Quizzes and Practice Questions

Question 1

What is the primary mode of transmission for conjunctivitis (pink eye)?

Accepted Answer

Direct contact with contaminated objects or hands

Answer

Airborne droplets

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Answer

Mosquito bites

Question 2

Which of the following is a potential complication of untreated strep throat?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatic fever, which can damage the heart, joints, and brain

Answer

Severe kidney infection requiring dialysis

Answer

Pneumonia leading to lung damage

Answer

Meningitis, causing inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

When assessing a child with suspected pneumonia, which of the following physical exam findings is most suggestive of the condition?

Accepted Answer

Crackling or popping sounds in the lungs (rales)

Answer

Wheezing or whistling sounds during breathing

Answer

Thick, yellow or green nasal discharge

Answer

Red and irritated conjunctiva (pink eye)

Question 4

Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for managing a child with a febrile seizure?

Accepted Answer

Administer antipyretics (fever-reducing medications) to lower their temperature

Answer

Place the child in a cold bath to rapidly cool them down

Answer

Restraint the child's movements to prevent injury

Answer

Elevate the child's legs to improve circulation

Question 5

Which of the following age groups is most at risk for developing intussusception?

Accepted Answer

Infants between the ages of 3 and 9 months

Answer

Toddlers between the ages of 12 and 18 months

Answer

Preschoolers between the ages of 3 and 5 years

Answer

School children between the ages of 6 and 10 years

Question 6

When assessing a child with a urinary tract infection (UTI), which of the following urine dipstick findings is most indicative of the condition?

Accepted Answer

Positive for nitrites, indicating the presence of bacteria

Answer

Elevated protein levels (proteinuria)

Answer

Presence of red blood cells (hematuria)

Answer

High levels of ketones, indicating dehydration

Question 7

What is a common symptom of otitis media in children?

Accepted Answer

Ear pain

Answer

Runny nose

Answer

Persistent cough

Answer

Frequent vomiting

Question 8

Which symptom is characteristic of measles and usually appears 2-4 days after the onset of fever?

Accepted Answer

Skin rash

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Sneezing

Answer

Jaundice

Question 9

Which symptom is commonly seen in children with lower respiratory infections?

Accepted Answer

Productive cough or wheezing

Answer

Nasal congestion

Answer

Skin rash

Question 10

Which of the following is an uncommon symptom of upper respiratory infections (URIs) in children?

Accepted Answer

Nausea

Answer

Runny nose

Answer

Sore throat

Answer

Cough

Question 11

What is the primary treatment approach for chickenpox?

Accepted Answer

Supportive care (rest, fluids, medications for symptoms)

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Antiviral medication

Question 12

Which of the following is a significant risk factor contributing to the development of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Immature or weakened immune system

Answer

Good nutrition

Answer

Healthy immune system

Answer

Old age

Question 13

What is the fundamental distinction between a virus and a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Viruses are smaller, obligate intracellular parasites, whereas bacteria are larger and can exist independently.

Answer

Bacteria are larger and can reproduce on their own.

Answer

Viruses are more common than bacteria.

Question 14

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with strep throat?

Accepted Answer

Sore throat accompanied by fever and swollen lymph nodes

Answer

Runny nose

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Cough

Question 15

What is the appropriate treatment for conjunctivitis (pink eye)?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic or antiviral eye drops, depending on the cause

Answer

Antiviral medication

Answer

Pain relievers

Question 16

Describe the primary role of a nurse in providing care to children with common childhood illnesses.

Accepted Answer

Providing education, emotional support, and administering prescribed treatments

Answer

Conducting research

Answer

Diagnosing and prescribing medications

Answer

Performing surgeries

Question 17

Which of the following is the most common symptom associated with the common cold?

Accepted Answer

Runny nose and congestion

Answer

Sore throat

Answer

Sneezing

Answer

Cough

Question 18

What virus is responsible for causing chickenpox?

Accepted Answer

Varicella-zoster virus

Answer

Measles virus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Mumps virus

Question 19

Which of the following is a potential complication of rubella infection during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the developing fetus

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 20

What is the typical incubation period for influenza?

Accepted Answer

1-4 days

Answer

2-8 weeks

Answer

10-14 days

Question 21

Which of the following is a common symptom of acute otitis media?

Accepted Answer

Earache or pain

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Cough

Answer

Runny nose

Question 22

What is the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics, typically prescribed by a healthcare professional

Answer

Antiviral medication

Answer

Bed rest

Answer

Over-the-counter pain relievers

Question 23

What is the primary role of a nurse in providing care for children with common childhood illnesses?

Accepted Answer

Providing education, support, and guidance to patients and families

Answer

Prescribing medications

Answer

Performing surgical interventions

Answer

Making medical diagnoses

Question 24

What is the most prevalent cause of diarrhea among children under 5?

Accepted Answer

Rotavirus

Answer

Salmonella

Answer

Norovirus

Answer

Shigella

Question 25

Which of the following is the initial treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children?

Accepted Answer

Oral antibiotics

Answer

Sitz baths

Answer

Pain relievers

Answer

Increased fluid intake

Question 26

Which is the most effective approach to prevent chickenpox?

Accepted Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Staying home from school

Answer

Handwashing

Answer

Covering sores

Question 27

Which of the following is not a symptom of croup?

Accepted Answer

Runny nose

Answer

Hoarse voice

Answer

Barking cough